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Abstract:
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Electroanalytical techniques represent a class of powerful and versatile
analytical method which is based on the electrical properties of a solution of
the analyte when it is made part of an electrochemical cell. They offer high
sensitivity, accuracy, precision and a large linear dynamic range. The cost of
instrumentation is relatively low compared to other instrumental methods of
analysis. Many solid state electrochemical sensors have been commercialised
nowadays. Potentiometry is a very simple electroanalytical technique with
extraordinary analytical capabilities. Since valinomycin was introduced as an
ionophore for K+, Ion Selective Electrodes have become one of the best
studied and understood analytical devices. It can be used for the
determination of substances ranging from simple inorganic ions to complex
organic molecules. It is a very attractive option owing to the wide range of
applications and ease of the use of the instruments employed. They also
possess the advantages of short response time, high selectivity and very low
detection limits. Moreover, analysis by these electrodes is non-destructive and
adaptable to small sample volumes. It has become a standard technique for
medical researchers, biologists, geologists and environmental specialists.
This thesis presents the synthesis and characterisation of five
ionophores. Based on these ionophores, nine potentiometric sensors are
fabricated for the determination of ions such as Pb2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and
Sal- ion (Salicylate ion). The electrochemical characterisation and analytical
application studies of the developed sensors are also described. The thesis is
divided into eight chapters |