Akash,George K; Dr. Paulose, C S(Cochin University of Science and Technology, September 15, 2006)
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Abstract:
Neuronal dopamine and serotonin receptors are widely distributed in the central and the peripheral nervous systems at different levels. Dopaminergic and serotonergic systems have crucial role in aldehyde dehydrogenase regulation Stimulation of autonomic nervous system during ethanol treatment is suggested to be an important factor in regulating the ALDH function. The ALDH enzyme activity was increased in plasma, cerebral cortex, and liver but decreased in cerebellum. The ALDH enzyme affinity was decreased in plasma, brainstem and liver and increased in cerebral cortex and cerebellum. Dopamine and serotonin content decreased in liver and brain regions - cerebral cortex, corpus striatum of ethanol treated rats with an increased HVA/DA, 5-HIAA/5-HT tumover rate. Dopamine content decreased in brainstem with an increased HVA/DA turnover rate and serotonin content decreased with an increased 5-HIAA/5-HT turnover rate in the brainstem of ethanol treated rats compared to control. Serotonin content increased in hypothalamus with a decreased 5-HIAA/5—HT turnover rate where as dopamine content decreased in hypothalamus with an increased HVA/DA tumover rate of ethanol treated rats compared to control.alterations of DA D2 and 5-HTQA receptor function and gene expression in the cerebellum, hypothalamus, corpus striatum, cerebral cortex play an important role in the sympathetic regulation of ALDH enzyme in ethanol addiction. There is a serotonergic and dopaminergic functional regulation of ALDH activity in the brain regions and liver of ethanol treated rats. Gene expression studies of DA D2 and 5'HT2A studies confirm these observations. Perfusion studies using DA, 5-HT and glucose showed ALDH regulatory function. Brain activity measeurement using EEG showed a prominentfrontal brain wave difference. This will have immense clinical significance in the management of ethanol addiction.
Description:
Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology
Santhosh, Thomas K; Dr. Paulose, C S(Cochin University of Science & Technology, March , 2006)
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Abstract:
The present study deals with the differential regulation of Dopamine content in
pancreas and functional regulation of Dopamine D2 receptor in brain regions such as
hypothalamus, brain stem, cerebral cortex and corpus striatum play an important role
during pancreatic islets cell proliferation and insulin secretion. Though may reports are
there implicating the functional interaction between DA receptor and pancreatic islets cell
insulin secretion, the involvement of specific DA D2 receptors and changes in second
messenger system during insulin secretion and pancreatic islets cell proliferation were not
given emphasis. Down regulation of DA content in brain regions and pancreatic islets
were observed during pancreatic regeneration. Up regulation of DA content in plasma
and adrenals down regulated sympathetic activity in pancreas which cause an increase in
insulin secretion and pancreatic islets cell proliferation during pancreatic regeneration.
There was a differential regulation of DA D2 receptor in brain regions. The pancreatic
islets DA D2 receptors were lip regulated during pancreatic regeneration. DA D2 receptor
activation at specific concentration has accounted for increased pancreatic islets cell
proliferation. In vitro experiments have proved the differential regulation of DA on
insulin synthesis and pancreatic islets cell proliferation. Inhibitory effect of DA on cAMP
and stimulatory effect of DA on IP3 through DA D2 receptors were observed in in vitro
cell culture system. These effects are correlating with the DA, cAMP and IP3 content
during pancreatic regeneration and islets cell proliferation. Up regulation of intracellular Ca2+ was also observed at 10-8 M DA, a specific concentration of DA which showed
maximum increase of IP3 content in pancreatic islets through DA D2 receptor activation
in in vitro culture. These in vitro data was highly correlating with the changes in DA,
cAMP and IP3 content in pancreas during pancreatic regeneration and insulin secretion.
Thus we conclude that there is a differential functional regulation of DA and DA D2
receptors in brain and pancreas during pancreatic regeneration. In vitro studies confirmed a concentration depend functional regulation of DA through DA D2 receptors on
pancreatic islets cell proliferation and insulin secretion mediated through increased
cAMP, IP3 and intracellular Ca2+ level. This will have immense clinical significance in
the management in diabetes mellitus.
Description:
Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology
Eswar Shankar,P N; Paulose,C S(DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, March , 2003)
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Abstract:
Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder associated with insulin deficiency, which not.only affects the carbohydrate metabolism but also is associated with various central and peripheral complications. Chronic hyperglycemia during diabetes mellitus is a major initiator of diabetic microvascular complications like retinopathy, neuropathy, The central nervous system (CNS) neurotransmitters play
an important role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. These neurotransmitters mediate rapid intracellular communications not only within the central nervous system but also in the peripheral tissues. They exert their function through receptors present in both neuronal and non neuronal cell surface that trigger second messenger signaling pathways. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that has been implicated in various central neuronal degenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease and behavioral diseases like Schizophrenia. Dopamine is synthesised from tyrosine, stored in vesicles in axon terminals and released when the neuron is depolarised. Dopamine interacts with specific membrane receptors to produce its effect. Dopamine plays an important role both centrally and peripherally. The recent identification of five dopamine receptor subtypes provides a basis for understanding dopamine's central and peripheral actions . Dopamine receptors are classified into two major groups : DA D1 like and DA D2 like. Dopamine D1 like receptors consists of DA D1 and DA D5 receptors . Dopamine D2 like receptors consists of DA D2, DA D3 and DA D4 receptors. Stimulation of the DA D1 receptor gives rise to increased production of cAMP. Dopamine D2 receptors inhibit cAMP production, but activate the inositol phosphate second messenger system . Impairment of central dopamine neurotransmission causes muscle rigidity, hormonal regulation , thought disorder and cocaine addiction. Peripheral dopamine receptors mediate changes in blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, sodium excretion and catecholamine release. The dopamine D2 receptors increased in the corpus striatum and cerebral cortex but decreased in the hypothalamus and brain stem indicating their involvement in regulating insulin secretion. Dopamine D2 receptor which has a stimulatory effecton insulin secretion decreased in the pancreatic islets during diabetes. Our in vitro studies confirmed the stimulatory role of dopamine D2 receptors in stimulation of glucose induced insulin secretion. A detailed study at the molecular level on the mechanisms involved in the role of dopamine in insulin secretion, its functional modification could lead to therapeutic interventions that will have immense clinical importance.
Roshni, Baby Thomas; Dr. Paulose, C S(Cochin University of Science And Technology, March 20, 2014)
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Abstract:
In the present work we studied the potential of Bacopa monnieri and Bacoside
A treatment to enhance the antioxidant system and support the neuronal survival
in the hypoglycemic neonatal brain. For achieving the aim, DAD1 and DAD2
receptors functional regulation, gene expression of growth factors, neuronal
survival and apoptotic factors during insulin induced hypoglycemic neonatal brain
in rats were studied.
Description:
Department of Biotechnology
Cochin University of Science and Technology
Jes,Paul; Dr. Paulose, C S(Cochin University of Science and Technology, February , 2011)
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Abstract:
In the present study, the effects of 5-HT, GABA and Bone Marrow Cells
infused intranigrally to substantia nigra individually and in combinations on
unilateral rotenone infused Parkinsonism induced rats. Scatchard analysis of DA,
DA D1 and D2 receptors in the corpus striatum, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, brain
stem and hippocampus showed a significant increase in the Brain regions of
rotenone infused rat compared to control. Real Time PCR amplification of DA D1,
D2, Bax and ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase were up regulated in the brain
regions of rotenone infused rats compared to control. Gene expression studies of
-Synuclien, cGMP and Cyclic AMP response element-binding protein showed a
significant down regulation in Rotenone infused rats compared to control.
Behavioural studies were carried out to confirm the biochemical and molecular
studies.Our study demonstrated that BMC administration alone cannot reverse the
above said molecular changes occurring in PD rat. 5-HT and GABA acting
through their specific receptors in combination with bone marrow cells play a
crucial role in the functional recovery of PD rats. 5-HT, GABA and Bone marrow
cells treated PD rats showed significant reversal to control in DA receptor binding
and gene expression. 5-HT and GABA have co-mitogenic property. Proliferation
and differentiation of cells re-establishing the connections in Parkinson's disease facilitates the functional recovery. Thus, it is evident that 5-HT and GABA along
with BMC to rotenone infused rats renders protection against oxidative, related
motor and cognitive deficits which makes them clinically significant for cellbased
therapy. The BMC transformed to neurons when co-transplanted
with 5-HT and GABA which was confirmed with PKH2GL and nestin.
These newly formed neurons have functional significance in the therapeutic
recovery of Parkinson’s disease.
Description:
Department
of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology
Sindhu, K P; Dr. Rajitha Kumar, S(Cochin University Of Science And Technology, September , 2013)
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Abstract:
Unfortunately, in India it is a fact that most of the investors are not
interested in mutual funds. Those who are investing, they are investing
only very small amounts. But what is important to be noted here is that when compared to other financial instruments, investments in mutual
funds are safer and also yields more returns on the investment portfolio.
Moreover as an investment avenue mutual fund is available for those
investors who are not willing to take any exposure directly in the security
market. It also helps such investors to build their wealth over a period of
time. At the retail level, investors are unique and are highly
heterogeneous, and the mutual fund schemes' selection will also differ
depends on their expectations. Hence, investors’ expectation is a very
important factor in this regard that needs to be analysed by all the
investment houses. Hence, the factors that drive the investment decisions
of individual investors to meet their expectations by investing money in
mutual funds need an in-depth analysis. These driving forces include the
preference of investors on mutual fund compared to various available
avenues of financial investments, risk attitude of investors, influence of
characteristics of instruments of mutual funds on investors, the
investment specific attitudes of investors, and influence of qualities of
fund management on investors. The success of any mutual fund, a
popular means of investment, depends on how effectively an Asset
Management Company has been able to understand the level of influence
of these factors on the decision of investors to invest in mutual funds.
For a substantial growth in the mutual fund market, there must be a high
level precision in the design and marketing of the products of mutual
funds taking into account these driving forces by the Asset Management
Companies. Therefore, there is a need to conduct a detailed study on
investments in mutual funds in this direction. A review of available
literature also revealed that no detailed study on mutual funds has so far
been attempted in this direction; hence the present study on Driving
Forces of Investment Decisions in Mutual Funds is undertaken.
Description:
School Of Management Studies
Cochin University Of Science And Technology
Leena,P; Dr.Babu, C A(Department of Atmospheric Science, 2000)
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Abstract:
The objective of the study is to examine the dynamic and thermodynamic structure and the variations that occur in the surface layer during the pre-monsoon, onset and post-monsoon periods over the Indian region. The variations caused during the occurrence of micro and mesoscale systems, structure and variation in the marine boundary layer over the Indian region is also investigated. The drag coefficient computed indirectly also shows variation during various seasons. The thermodynamic structure of the atmosphere shows variation during the various seasons. The onset monsoon causes lowering of the Lifting Condensation Levels. The outcome of the study is expected to provide a better understanding of the structure and variations in the boundary layer over India, which is useful for many applications especially for numerical modeling studies.
Hamza, Varikoden; Dr.Babu, C A(Department of Atmospheric Science, May , 2006)
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Abstract:
Atmospheric Boundary layer (ABL) is the layer just above the earth surface and is influenced by the surface forcing within a short period of an hour or less. In this thesis, characteristics of the boundary layer over ocean, coastal and inland areas of the atmosphere, especially over the monsoon regime are thoroughly studied. The study of the coastal zone is important due to its high vulnerability mainly due to sea breeze circulation and associated changes in the atmospheric boundary layer. The major scientific problems addressed in this thesis are diurnal and seasonal variation of coastal meteorological properties, the characteristic difference in the ABL during active and weak monsoons, features of ABL over marine environment and the variation of the boundary layer structure over an inland station.
The thesis describes the various features in the ABL associated with the active and weak monsoons and, the surface boundary layer properties associated with the active and weak epochs. The study provides knowledge on MABL and can be used as the estimated values of boundary layer parameters over the marine atmosphere and to know the values and variabilities of the ABL parameters such as surface wind, surface friction, drag coefficient, wind stress and wind stress curl.
Joseph, P V; Jacob,Chacko(Department of Chemical Oceanography, 2002)
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Abstract:
The proposed study is an attempt to quantify and study the seasonal and spatial variations in the distribution of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb among the various geochemical phases in the surficial sediments of Chitrapuzha river. The study also estimates the concentration of heavy metals in dissolved, particulate and sediments and their variation in seasonal and spatial distribution. Chitrapuzha River originates as a small stream from the upper reaches of high ranges in the eastern boundary of Kerala, passes through the valley and finally joints in the Cochin backwaters. Numerous industrial units located along the banks of the river discharge treated and untreated effluents into the water. These are long standing local complaints about water pollution causing fish mortality and serious damage to agricultural crops resulting in extensive unemployment in the area. The river is thus of considerable social and economic importance.
Sabu,P; Dr.Revichandran,C(Cochin University of Science & Technology, January , 2009)
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Abstract:
The present study
examines the importance of low saline waters and resulting barrier layer
in the dynamics of the ASWP using observational data.The oceanic general circulation models (OGCM) are very useful for
exploring the processes responsible for the ASWP and their variability.
The circulation and thermohaline structure stimulated by an OGCM
changes a lot when the resolution is increased from mesoscale to macro
scale. For a reasonable simulation of the ASWP, we must include the
mesoscale turbulence in numerical models. Especially the SEAS is an
eddy prominent region with a horizontal dimension of 100 to 500 km and
vertical extent of hundred meters. These eddies may have an important
role on the evolution of ASWP, which has not been explored so far.Most of the earlier studies in the SEAS showed that the heat buildup
in the mixed layer during the pre-monsoon (March-May) is primarily
driven by the surface heat flux through the ocean-atmosphere interface,
while the 3-dimensional heat budget of the ML physical processes that are
responsible for the formation of the ASWP are unknown. With this
background the present thesis also examines the relative importance of
mixed layer processes that lead to the formation of warm pool in the
SEAS.
Philip, Thomas; Dr.Meera Bai,M(Cochin University of Science and Technology, May , 1996)
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Abstract:
The following objectives have been formulated for
the study.
To assess the procurement and marketing practices of
Non—Timber Forest Produce by tribes and Tribal
Co-operative Societies and examine the role of
co—operatives in liberating the tribes from the clutches
of private traders.
To study the relative efficiency of marketing channels.
To analyse the inter—difference between tribes and
regions in the collection and marketing of Non—Timber
Forest produce.
To examine the forward linkage of tribal co-operative
societies with the Ayurvedic Medicinal Manufacturing
Units of the state.
To examine the impact of marketing on employment and
income of tribes and
To examine the extent of involvement of tribes in Tribal
Co-operative Societies in policy formulation and
implementation.
Description:
Department of Applied Economics.
Cochin University of Science and Technology
Haseena, V A; Dr.Meera Bai,M(Cochin University of Science and Technology, September 9, 2006)
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Abstract:
This thesis Entitled Dynamics of deforestation and Socio-Economic profile of tribal women flok in kerala -A study of Attappady. The study was based on both primary and secondary data. Primary data
were collected through a sample survey conducted in three panchayaths .The thesis is organized in eight chapters. The first chapter provides the background to the study. Second chapter reviews the literature. Third chapter provides the profile of the study area and general conditions. Fourth chapter
consists of the life cycle structure of the tribal woman. Fifth chapter covers the socio-economic conditions of the tribal women in the study area. Sixth chapter consists of relationship between tribal women and forest and the degradation of the forest. Seventh chapter provides the documentation of the development programmes implemented in Attappady and their importance to the tribals. Last chapter consists of summary and conclusions of the study, suggestions and recommendations of the study.
Description:
Department of Applied Economics, Cochin University of Science and Technology