V P N Nampoori; Radhakrishnan, P; Girijavallabhan, C K; Nandakumaran, V M; Dann, V J; Mathew, M V(Plasma Science and Technology, August , 2007)
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Abstract:
Optical emission from TiO2 plasma, generated by a nanosecond laser is spectroscopically
analysed. The main chemical species are identified and the spatio-temporal distribution of
the plasma parameters such as electron temperature and density are characterized based on the
study of spectral distribution of the line intensities and their broadening characteristics. The parameters
of laser induced plasma vary quickly owing to its expansion at low background pressure
and the possible deviations from local thermodynamic equilibrium conditions are tested to show
its validity.
Santhi, A; Vinu V, Namboodiri; Radhakrishnan, P; Nampoori, V P N(American Institute of Physics, 2006)
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Abstract:
Wavelength dependence of saturable absorption (SA) and reverse saturable absorption (RSA) of zinc phthalocyanine was studied using 10 Hz, 8 ns pulses from a tunable laser, in the wavelength range of 520–686 nm, which includes the rising edge of the Q band in the electronic absorption spectrum. The nonlinear response is wavelength dependent and switching from RSA to SA has been observed as the excitation wavelength changes from the low absorption window region to higher absorption regime near the Q band. The SA again changes back to RSA when we further move over to the infrared region. Values of the imaginary part of third order susceptibility are calculated for various wavelengths in this range. This study is important in identifying the spectral range over which the nonlinear material acts as RSA based optical limiter.
Santhi, A; Vinu V, Namboodiri; Radhakrishnan, P; Nampoori, V P N(American Institute of Physics, 2006)
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Abstract:
Wavelength dependence of saturable absorption (SA) and reverse saturable absorption (RSA) of zinc phthalocyanine was studied using 10 Hz, 8 ns pulses from a tunable laser, in the wavelength range of 520–686 nm, which includes the rising edge of the Q band in the electronic absorption spectrum. The nonlinear response is wavelength dependent and switching from RSA to SA has been observed as the excitation wavelength changes from the low absorption window region to higher absorption regime near the Q band. The SA again changes back to RSA when we further move over to the infrared region. Values of the imaginary part of third order susceptibility are calculated for various wavelengths in this range. This study is important in identifying the spectral range over which the nonlinear material acts as RSA based optical limiter.
Lalaja, V; Nampoori, V P N; Pratap, R(Kluwer Academic Publishers, February , 1989)
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Abstract:
The theory of deterministic chaos is used to study the three rings A, B, and C of Saturn and the French and Cassini divisions in between them. The data set comprises Voyager photopolarimeter measurements. The existence of spatially distributed strange attractors is shown, implying that the system is open, dissipative, nonequilibrium, and non-Markovian in character.
Reghunath, A T; Nampoori, V P N(Springer, November , 1987)
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Abstract:
Using laser transmission, the characteristics of hydrodynamic turbulence is studied following one of the recently developed technique in nonlinear dynamics. The existence of deterministic chaos in turbulence is proved by evaluating two invariants viz. dimension of attractor and Kolmogorov entropy. The behaviour of these invariants indicates that above a certain strength of turbulence the system tends to more ordered states.
Harilal, S S; Riju, C Issac; Bindhu, C V; Nampoori, V P N; Vallabhan, C P G(World Scientific Publishing Company, 1996)
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Abstract:
Laser ablation processes in liquid benzene, toluene and carbon disulphide have been investigated by pulsed photoacoustic technique using 532 nm radiation from a frequency doubled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. The nature of variation of photoacoustic signal amplitude with laser energy clearly indicates that different phenomena are involved in the generation of photoacoustic effect and these are discussed in detail. Our results suggest multiphoton induced photofragmentation as the most plausible interaction process occurring during laser ablation in these liquids.
Riju, C Issac; Bindhu, C V; Harilal, S S; Geetha K, Varier; Nampoori, V P N; Vallabhan, C P G(World Scientific Publishing Company, 1996)
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Abstract:
Pulsed photoacoustic studies in solution of C60 in toluene have been made using the 532 nm radiation from a frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser. Though C60 is found to exhibit the phenomenon of optical limiting, the results on photoacoustic measurements do not give any indication of multiphoton transitions as suggested in some of the earlier works. Results of photoacoustic measurements show that excited state absorption is the dominant process responsible for optical limiting while phenomena like nonlinear scattering may contribute to a lesser extent.
Ritty J, Nedumpara; Thomas, K J; Jayasree, V K; Girijavallabhan, C P; Nampoori, V P N; Radhakrishnan, P(Optical Society of America, July 20, 2007)
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Abstract:
The results of a brief investigation of the amplified spontaneous emission and lasing characteristics of Coumarin 540 dye in as many as ten different solvents are reported. It has been found that C 540 dye solutions contained within a rectangular quartz cuvette give laser emission with well resolved equally spaced modes when pumped with a 476 nm beam. The modes were found to originate from the subcavities formed by the plane-parallel walls of the cuvette containing the high-gain medium. While the quantum yield remains a decisive factor, a clear correlation between the total width of the emission spectra and the refractive indices of the solvents of the respective samples has been demonstrated. The well-resolved mode structure exhibited by the emission spectra gives clear evidence of the lasing action taking place in the gain medium, and the number of modes enables us to compare the gain of the media in different samples. A detailed discussion of the solvent effect in the lasing characteristics of C540 in different solutions is given.
Sasi Kumar, P R; Nampoori, V P N; Vallabhan, C P G(Elsevier, December 26, 1994)
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Abstract:
We report the experimental observation of subcritical Hopf bifurcation and the existence of non-oscillating “windows” in the dynamics of a Ne-Nd hollow cathode discharge current as the control parameter.
V P N Nampoori; Mohammed Yusuff, K K; Arun,V; Mathew, S; Robinson, P P; Jose,M(Elsevier, Journal of Dyes and Pigments, March 20, 2010)
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Abstract:
The Schiff base, 3-hydroxyquinoxaline-2-carboxalidine-4-aminoantipyrine, was synthesized by the
condensation of 3-hydroxyquinoxaline-2-carboxaldehyde with 4-aminoantipyrine. HPLC, FT-IR and NMR
spectral data revealed that the compound exists predominantly in the amide tautomeric form and
exhibits both absorption and fluorescence solvatochromism, large stokes shift, two electron quasireversible
redox behaviour and good thermal stability, with a glass transition temperature of 104oC. The
third-order non-linear optical character was studied using open aperture Z-scan methodology employing
7 ns pulses at 532 nm. The third-order non-linear absorption coefficient, b, was 1.48 x 10-6 cm W-1 and
the imaginary part of the third-order non-linear optical susceptibility, Im c(3), was 3.36 x10-10 esu. The
optical limiting threshold for the compound was found to be 340 MW cm-2.
Joseph, L K; Sanjay, G; Suja, H; Sugunan, S; Nampoori, V P N; Radhakrishnan, P(Taylor & Francis, April 1, 2009)
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Abstract:
Thermal diffusivity (TD) measurements were performed on some industrially
important dyes – auramine O (AO), malachite green and methylene blue (MB) –
adsorbed K-10 montmorillonites using photoacoustic method. The TD value for
the dye-adsorbed clay mineral was observed to change with a variation in dye
concentration. The contribution of the dye towards TD was also determined. The
repeatedly adsorbed samples with MB and AO exhibited a lower TD than the
single-adsorbed samples. TD values of sintered MB samples were also obtained
experimentally. These sintered samples exhibit a higher TD, although they show
a trend similar to that of non-sintered pellets. A variation in dye concentration
and sintering temperature can be used for tuning the TD value of the clay mineral
to the desired level.
Annieta, Philip K; Lyjo, Joseph K; Litty, Irimpan M; Bindu, Krishnan; Radhakrishnan, P; Nampoori, V P N; Raghu, Natarajan(WILEY-VCH Verlag, 2007)
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Abstract:
Thermal characterization of alumina–zirconia and zirconia ceramic tapes using a photoacoustic technique is presented. A transmission-mode geometry is employed for the measurement of thermal diffusivity while a reflection-mode geometry is used for the measurement of thermal effusivity. In both these geometries, the same open photoacoustic cell is used. From the measured values of thermal diffusivity and thermal effusivity, the thermal conductivity value has also been evaluated.
Nampoori, V P N; Radhakrishnan, P; Girijavallabhan, C P; Sajan, D George(Journal of Physics D : Applied Physics, Institute of Physics Publishing, April 2, 2003)
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Abstract:
An open photoacoustic cell operating in the low range of chopping
frequency has been employed to evaluate the thermal diffusivity values of
intrinsic InP and InP doped with S, Sn and Fe. The experimental set-up is
calibrated by the evaluation of thermal diffusivity value of pure Si and
GaAs. The present investigation shows that doped samples show a reduced
value for thermal diffusivity compared to intrinsic sample. From the
analysis of data it is also seen that nature of dopant clearly influences the
thermal diffusivity value of semiconductors. The results are explained in
terms of phonon assisted heat transfer mechanism in semiconductors
Nampoori, V P N; Lyjo, Joseph K; Suja, H; Sanjay, G; Sugunan, S; Radhakrishnan, P(Elsevier, Journal of Applied Clay Science, June 28, 2008)
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Abstract:
Thermal diffusivity (TD) measurement on commercial K-10 and KSF montmorillonites was carried out by
photoacoustic technique. The TD of the montmorillonites after methylene blue adsorption changed with the
dye concentration. The repeatedly adsorbed samples showed a lesser TD than the single adsorbed samples.
After methylene blue adsorption the acid leached K-10 samples showed well defined changes in TD when
compared to the ordered KSF samples.
V P N Nampoori; Santhi Ani, Joseph; Misha, Hari; Mathew, S; Gaurav, Sharma; Soumya; Hadiya, V M; Radhakrishnan, P(Elsevier, Journal of Optics Communications, October 6, 2009)
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Abstract:
Dual beam mode-matched thermal lens method has been employed to measure the heat diffusion in
nanofluid of silver with various volumes of rhodamine 6G, both dispersed in water. The important observation
is an indication of temperature dependent diffusivity and that the overall heat diffusion is slower
in the chemically prepared Ag sol compared to that of water. The experimental results can be explained
assuming that Brownian motion is the main mechanism of heat transfer under the present experimental
conditions. Light induced aggregation of the nanoparticles can also result in an anomalous diffusion
behavior.
Santhi, A; Kala, U L; Nedumpara, R J; Kurian, A; Kurup, M R P; Radhakrishnan, P; Nampoori, V P N(Springer, 2004)
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Abstract:
The fluorescence spectrum of the schiff base obtained from salicylaldehyde and 2-aminophenol is studied using an argon-ion laser as the excitation source and its fluorescence quantum yield (Qf) is determined using a thermal lens method. This is a nondestructive technique that gives the absolute value of Qf without the need for a fluorescence standard. The quantum-yield values are calculated for various concentrations of the solution in chloroform and also for various excitation wavelengths. The value of Qf is relatively high, and is concentration dependent. The maximum value of Qf obtained is nearly 0.78. The high value of the fluorescence quantum yield will render the schiff base useful as a fluorescent marker for biological applications. Photostability and gain studies will assess its suitability as a laser dye.
Bindhu, C V; Harilal, S S; Achamma, Kurian; Nampoori, V P N; Vallabhan, C P G(World Scientific Publishing Company, 1998)
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Abstract:
Dual beam transient thermal lens studies were carried out in rhodamine 6G methanol solutions using 532 nm pulses from a frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser. Analysis of thermal lens signal shows the existence of different nonlinear processes like two photon absorption and three photon absorption phenomena along with one photon absorption. Concentration of the dye in the solution has been found to influence the occurrence of the different processes in a significant way.
V P N Nampoori; Radhakrishnan, P; Girijavallabhan, C P; Nibu, A George; George, A K(Applied Physics B Lasers and Optics, June 18, 2001)
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Abstract:
In this paper, we describe the use of an open cell
photoacoustic configuration for the evaluation of the thermal
effusivity of liquid crystals. The feasibility, precision and reliability
of the method are initially established by measuring
the thermal effusivities of water and glycerol, for which the
effusivity values are known accurately. In order to demonstrate
the use of the present method in the thermal characterization
of liquid crystals, we have measured the thermal
effusivity values in various mesophases of 4-cyano-4 -
octyloxybiphenyl (8OCB) and 4-cyano-4 -heptyloxybiphenyl
(7OCB) liquid crystals using a variable temperature open
photoacoustic cell. A comparison of the measured values for
the two liquid crystals shows that the thermal effusivities of
7OCB in the nematic and isotropic phases are slightly less
than those of 8OCB in the corresponding phases
Rajasree, K; Vidyalal, V; Radhakrishnan, P; Nampoori, V P N; Vallabhan, C P G(IOP, 1993)
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Abstract:
The phenomenon of mirage effect suffered by a He-Ne laser beam has been utilized to detect phase transitions in solids. It has been observed that anomalous fluctuations of large amplitude occur in the signal level near the transition temperature. The mean square value of the fluctuation is found to exhibit a well-defined peak at this point. Results of measurements made in the case of crystals of TGS ((NH2CH2COOH)3.H2SO4) and a ceramic sample (BaTiO3) are given to illustrate this technique.
Nampoori, V P N; Radhakrishnan, P; Girijavallabhan, C P; Nibu, A George; George, A K(Journal of Physics D : Applied Physics, October 13, 2000)
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Abstract:
We report on a laser induced photoacoustic study of the nematic-to-isotropic
transition in certain commercial nematic liquid crystal mixtures, namely BL001, BL002,
BL032 and BL035. A simple analysis of the experimental data using the
Rosencwaig–Gersho theory shows that the heat capacities of all these compounds exhibit a
sharp peak as the temperature of the sample is varied across the transition region. Also,
substantial differences in the photoacoustic signal amplitudes in nematic and isotropic phases
have been noticed for all the mixtures. The increased light scattering property of the nematic
phase may be the reason for the enhanced photoacoustic signal amplitude in this phase.