Jayaprakash,N S; Bright Singh,I S(School of Environmental Studies, 2005)
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Abstract:
The main objective of the work undertaken here was to develop an appropriate microbial technology to protect the larvae of M.rosenbergii in hatchery from vibriosis. This technology precisely is consisted of a rapid detection system of vibrios and effective antagonistic probiotics for the management of vibrios. The present work was undertaken with the realizations that to stabilize the production process of commercial hatcheries an appropriate, comprehensive and fool proof technology is required primarily for the rapid detection of Vibrio and subsequently for its management. Nine species of Vibrio have been found to be associated with larvae of M. rosenbergii in hatchery. Haemolytic assay of the Vibrio and Aeromonas on prawn blood agar showed that all isolates of V. alginolyticus and Aeromonas sp., from moribund, necrotized larve were haemolytic and the isolates of V.cholerae, V.splendidus II, V.proteolyticus and V.fluvialis from the larvae obtained from apparently healthy larval rearing systems were non-haemolytic.
Hydrolytic enzymes such as lipase, chitinase and gelatinase were widespread amongst the Vibrio and Aeromonas isolates. Dominance of V.alginolyticus among the isolates from necrotic larvae and the failure in isolating them from rearing water strongly suggest that they infect larvae and multiply in the larval body and cause mortality in the hatchery. The observation suggested that the isolate V. alginolyticus was a pathogen to the larvae of M.rosenbergii. To sum up, through this work, nine species of Vibrio and genus Aeromonas associated with M.rosenbergii larval rearing systems could be isolated and segregated based on the haemolytic activity and the antibodies (PA bs) for use in diagnosis or epidemiological studies could be produced, based on a virulent culture of V.alginolyticus. This could possibly replace the conventional biochemical tests for identification. As prophylaxis to vibriosis, four isolates of Micrococcus spp. and an isolate of Pseudomonas sp. could be obtained which could possibly be used as antagonistic probiotics in the larval rearing system of M.rosenbergii.
Joseph, P J; Dr. Ammini, Joseph(Cochin University of Science & Technology, April , 2007)
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Abstract:
The objective of this research is to study the feasibility of
bioremediating the oily sludge from a refinery site. Three different methods of
waste treatment were tried i.e. phytoremediation, land farming and microbial
enhanced oil separation in laboratory scale treatment systems. A multiprocess
approach by combination of phytoremediation, biostimulation and
microbial enhanced oil separation is also presented. The methods of analysis,
experimental procedure, and results are incorporated into five chapters of this
thesis entitled "Bioremediation of petroleum sludge through
phytoremediation, land farming and microbial enhanced oil separation.
Description:
School of Environmental Studies,
Cochin University of Science and Technology
In the present study the development of bioreactors for nitrifying water in closed system hatcheries of penaeid and non-penaeid prawns. This work is an attempt in this direction to cater to the needs of aquaculture industry for treatment and remediation of ammonia and nitrate in penaeid and non-penaeid hatcheries, by developing nitrifying bacteria allochthonous to the particular environment under consideration, and immobilizing them on an appropriately designed support materials configured as reactors. Ammonia toxicity is the major limiting factors in penaeid and non-penaeid hatchery systems causing lethal and sublethal effects on larvae depending on the pH values. Pressing need of the aquaculture industry to have a user friendly and economically viable technology for the removal of ammonia, which can be easily integrated to the existing hatchery designs without any major changes or modifications. Only option available now is to have biological filters through which water can be circulated for the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate through nitrite by a group of chemolithotrophs known as nitrifying bacteria. Two types of bioreactors have been designed and developed. The first category named as in situ stringed bed suspended bioreactor(SBSBR) was designed for use in the larval rearing tanks to remove ammonia and nitrite during larval rearing on a continuous basis, and the other to be used for nitrifying freshly collected seawater and spent water named as ex situ packed bed bioreactior(PBBR). On employing the two reactors together , both penaeid and non-penaeid larval rearing systems can be made a closed recirculating system at least for a season. A survey of literature revealed that the in situ stringed bed suspended reactor developed here is unique in its design, fabrication and mode of application.
Sunil Kumar,G; Bright Singh,I S(School of Environment Studies, Faculty of Environment Studies, 2000)
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Abstract:
The present work deals with the development of primary cell culture and diploid cell lines from two fishes, such as Poecilia reticulata and Clarias gariepinus. The greatest difficulty experienced was the avoidance of bacterial and fungi contamination. Three types of cell cultures are commonly developed, primary cell culture, diploid cell lines and heteroploid cell lines. Primary cell culture obtained from the animal tissues that have been cultivated in vitro for the first time. They are characterized by the same chromosome number as parent tissue, cultivated in vitro for the first time, have wide range of virus susceptibility, usually not malignant, six chromatin retarded and do not grow as suspension cultures. Diploid cell lines arise from a primary cell culture at the time of subculturing. Diploid cell lines commercially used in virology are W1-38 (human embryonic lung), W1-26 (human embryonic lung) and HEX (Human embryonic kidney). Heteroploid cell lines have been subcultivated with less than 75% of the cells in the population having a diploid chromosome constitution. Tissue cultures have been extensively used in biomedical research. The main applications are in three areas, Karyological studies, Identification and study of hereditary metabolic disorders and Somatic cell genetics. Other applications are in virology and host-parasite relationships. In this study an attempt was made to preserve the ovarian tissue at low temperature in the presence of cryoprotectants so that the tissue can be retrieved at any time and a cell culture could be developed.
Anas,A; Bright Singh,I S(Centre for Fish Disease Diagnosis and Management, School of Environmental Studies, 2005)
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Abstract:
Present work is aimed at development of an appropriate microbial technology for protection of larvae of macrobrachium rosenbergii from disease and to increase survival rate in hatcheries. Application of immunostimulants to activate the immune system of cultured animals against pathogen is the widely accepted alternative to antibiotics in aquaculture. The most important immunostimulant is glucan. Therefore a research programme entitled as extraction of glucan from Acremonium diospyri and its application in macrobrachium rosenbergii larval rearing system along with bacterians as microspheres. The main objectives of the study are development of aquaculture grade glucan from acremonium diospyri, microencapsulated drug delivery system for the larvae of M. rosenbergii and microencapsulated glucan with bacterian preparation for the enhanced production of M. rosenbergii in larval rearing system. Based on the results of field trials microencapsulated glucan with bacterin preparation, it is concluded that the microencapsulated preparation at a concentration of 25g per million larvae once in seven days will enhance the production and quality seed of M. rosenbergii.
Abdul Khader, K M; Dr. Mohandas, A(Cochin University of Science & Technology, 1999)
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Abstract:
Instead of developing easily degradable, and low-priced insecticides, we are
going after highly sophisticated chemicals. Here, an attempt is being made to develop
safer formulations of insecticides of botanical origin.
Different parts of the plants were chosen based on their use in countryside and
villages The dried plant materials were extracted with petroleum ether, and were
applied on Tribolium castaneum. The results were statistically analysed.
The active principles from Croton tigilium and Leea sambucina, the most
potential plants, were isolated using Column Chromatography, TLC, and Hydrolysis.
The isolated principles were analysed spectroscopically ( UV-Vis., IR, NMR,
and MS ) to identify their chemical nature. The active principles from Leea and
Croton were identified as a cholisterate derivative and a phorbol derivative
respectively.
In order to ascertain the environmental combatibility of the principles,
degradation by soil bacteria was studied.
The isolated principles were made into three type of formulations using
stabilizers .The formulations were applied on Snake gourd semilooper, Pulse beetle,
and mosquito larvae. Also the biocidal activity of the formulations was studied.
Both Leea derivative and Croton derivative could be formulated effectively
and were effective against a variety of pests. They are eco-friendly, as there is no
artificial chemicals involved.
Description:
School of Environmental Studies,
Cochin University of Science And Technology
Ramya, R; Dr.Balasundaran, M; Dr.Jose, Kallarackal(Kerala Forest Research Institute, July , 2010)
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Abstract:
S. album L. is the source of highly priced and fragrant heartwood which on steam
distillation yields on an average 57
per cent oil of high perfumery value. Global
demand for sandalwood is about 5000-6000
tons/year and that of oil is 100 tons/year.
Heartwood of sandal is estimated to fetch up to Rs. 3.7 million/ton and wood oil
Rs.70,000-100,000/
kg in the international market. Sandal heartwood prices have
increased from Rs. 365/ton in 1900 to Rs. 6.5 lakhs/ton in 1999-2000
and to Rs. 37
lakhs/ton in 2007. Substantial decline in sandalwood production has occurred from 3176
tons/year during 1960-‘
65 to 1500 tons/year in 1997-98,
and to 500 tons/year in 2007.Depletion of sandal resources is attributed to several factors, both natural and
anthropogenic. Low seed setting, poor seed germination, seedling mortality, lack of
haustorial connection with host plant roots, recurrent annual fires in natural sandal
forests, lopping of trees for fodder, excessive grazing, hacking, encroachments, seedling
diseases and spread of sandal spike disease are the major problems facing sandal. While
these factors hinder sandal regeneration in forest areas, the situation is accelerated by
human activities of chronic overexploitation
and illicit felling.Deterioration of natural sandal populations due to illicit felling, encroachments and
diseases has an adverse effect on genetic diversity of the species. The loss of genetic
diversity has aggravated during recent years due to extensive logging, changing landuse
patterns and poor natural regeneration. The consequent genetic erosion is of serious
concern affecting tree improvement programme in sandal. Conservation as well as mass
propagation are the two strategies to be given due importance. To initiate any
conservation programme, precise knowledge of the factors influencing regeneration and
survival of the species is essential. Hence, the present study was undertaken with the
objective of investigating the autotrophic and parasitic phase of sandal seedlings
growth, the effects of shade on morphology, chlorophyll concentration and chlorophyll
fluorescence of sandal seedlings, genetic diversity in sandal seed stands using ISSR
markers, and the diversity of fungal isolates causing sandal seedling wilt using RAPD
markers. All these factors directly influence regeneration and survival of sandal
seedlings in natural forests and plantations.
Divya, Jose; Dr. Mohandas, A; Dr. Bright Singh, I S(Cochin University of Science & Technology, November , 2011)
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Abstract:
In the present study,heterotrophic protease producing bacterial isolates were screened for protease activity and a potent protease producing bacterial isolate was selected,identified and coded as Pseudomonas aeruginosa MCCB 123.The organism was capable of producing three different types of enzymes each having potential industrial applications.The non-toxic nature of the bacterial strain and the relatively non-toxic nature of three enzymes suggested their poetential application in various industries.Application of LasA protease and beta-1,3 glucanase in DNA extraction is a promising area for commercial utilization. LasB protease can find its potential application in detergent and tanning industries.As on today Bacillus sp.has been the source of commercial proteases,and the ones produced form P.aeruginosa 123 can pave way for making the industrial and biomedical processes more cost effective and refined.
Description:
National Centre for Aquatic Health,Cochin University of Science and Technology
Alex Paikada,Mathew; Sivasankara Pillai,V N(School of rural development and appropriate technology: CUSAT Environmental studies, 2005)
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Abstract:
The study conducted on the salinity intrusion and seasonal water quality variations in the tidal canals of cochin. The main objectives are, salinity intrusion profile, water quality variation of the surface water of the canals,hierarchical utility of the water bodies and to understand the non-conservative components in the water body. The parameters monitored werepH,temperature,alkalinity,conductivity,DO(dissolvedoxygen),COD(chemical oxygen demand),BOD(biochemical oxygen demand0,chloride, total hardness, calcium hardness, dissolved phosphate, nitrate, total iron, sulphate, turbidity, total coliform and SUVA at 254nm. The tidal canals of GCDA were found to be creeks extending to the interior, canals inter connecting parts of the estuary or canals with seasonally broken segments. Based on utility the canals could be classified as: canals heavely polluted and very saline,canals polluted by urban waste , canals having fresh water for most part of the year and not much polluted, fresh water bodies heavily polluted.
During the rainy months carbon fixation by plankton is nonexistent,and during the dry months Chitrapuzha becomes a sink of phosphate. The study indicated abiotic subrouts for dissolved phosphate and revealed the potential pitfalls in LOICZ modeling exercise on sewage ladentidal canals. It was also found that all canals except for the canals of West cochin and chittoorpuzha have fresh water for some part of the year. The water quality index in the durable fresh water stretches was found to be of below average category.