Pearl,Augustine; Dr.Girish Kumar, K(Cochin University of Science and Technology, June , 2008)
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Abstract:
The quality of a drug is determined after establishing its authenticity by testing its purity and quality of the pure substance in the drug and its formulations.Ion selective sensors have become one of the most effective and powerful means for analytical scientists in the determination of drug substances and are playing an increasing role in pharmaceutical analysis.ISEs are cost effective,easy to prepare and can be rapidly manipulated . Potentiometric ion selective sensors have been developed for six drugs namely trimethoprim, ketoconazole, lamivudine, domperidon, nimesulide and Lomefloxacin. The sensors fabricated include both PVC membrane sensor as well as carbon paste sensor. A total of sixteen different sensors have been developed. The response parameters of all the sensors have been studied and the sensors were applied to the determination of the drugs in pharmaceutical formulations and also in real samples like urine.
Description:
Department of Applied Chemistry,Cochin University of Science and Technology
Renjini, Joseph; Dr.Girish Kumar, K(Cochin University of Science & Technology, January , 2012)
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Abstract:
The development of electrochemical sensors is currently one of the active areas of research in analytical chemistry.Voltammetric sensors as an important class of electrochemical sensors are extensively used in pharmaceutical applications.In voltammetric analysis,many active compounds in dosage forms,in contrast to excipients,can be readily oxidised or reduced at the electrode surface by applying a potential.Chemically modified electrodes have great significance in the electrochemical determination of pharmaceuticals.The modification of electrode results in efficient determination of electroactive species at very lower potential without any major interferences.The present study involves the fabrication of 8 voltammetric sensors for the drugs Metronidazole Benzoate,
Sulfamethoxazole,
Acyclovir,
Pam Chloride ,
Trimethoprim ,
Tamsulosin Hydrochloride and
Ceftriaxone Sodium.Two sensors were developed for the drug tamsulosin hydrochloride while one sensor each was developed for the other drugs.
Description:
Dept.of Applied Chemistry,Cochin University of Science and Technology
Thomas,E V; Dr.Joseph,Francis D(Cochin University of Science And Technology, April , 1985)
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Abstract:
Although the physical and technological properties
of modified rubbers were compared with those of conventional
rubbers in the earlier studies reviewed above, the extent of
energy saving possible by their use has not been quantified.
In the present work it is proposed to determine the energy
saving possible by using the following forms of natural rubber:
1. Oil extended natural rubber, 2. peptised natural rubber,
3. latex stage compounds. The process of production and
quality control of the above types of processed rubbers are
proposed to be standardised. It is also planned to work out
a methodology for utilising field coagula for production of
constant viscosity rubbers. The variation in processing
properties of rubber from popular Indian clones will be examined and those with energy advantages in the processing
stage will be identified. In conclusion a recommendation for
adoption of a commercially advantageous processing procedure
among Indian rubber plantation industry is also given.
Description:
Polymer science & rubber technology, Cochin University of Science And Technology
Biju Kumar, S; Dr.Mathew, K T(Cochin University of Science & Technology, March , 2002)
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Abstract:
The thesis mainly focuses on material characterization in different
environments: freely available samples taken in planar fonn, biological samples
available in small quantities and buried objects.Free space method, finds many applications
in the fields of industry, medicine and communication. As it is a non-contact
method, it can be employed for monitoring the electrical properties of materials
moving through a conveyor belt in real time. Also, measurement on such systems at
high temperature is possible. NID theory can be applied to the characterization of
thin films. Dielectric properties of thin films deposited on any dielectric substrate
can be determined. ln chemical industry, the stages of a chemical reaction can be
monitored online. Online monitoring will be more efficient as it saves time and
avoids risk of sample collection.Dielectric contrast is one of the main factors, which decides the
detectability of a system. lt could be noted that the two dielectric objects of same
dielectric constant 3.2 (s, of plastic mine) placed in a medium of dielectric constant
2.56 (er of sand) could even be detected employing the time domain analysis of the reflected signal. This type of detection finds strategic importance as it provides
solution to the problem of clearance of non-metallic mines. The demining of these
mines using the conventional techniques had been proved futile. The studies on the
detection of voids and leakage in pipes find many applications.The determined electrical properties of tissues can be used for numerical modeling
of cells, microwave imaging, SAR test etc. All these techniques need the accurate
determination of dielectric constant. ln the modem world, the use of cellular and
other wireless communication systems is booming up. At the same time people are
concemed about the hazardous effects of microwaves on living cells. The effect is
usually studied on human phantom models. The construction of the models requires
the knowledge of the dielectric parameters of the various body tissues. lt is in this
context that the present study gains significance. The case study on biological
samples shows that the properties of normal and infected body tissues are different.
Even though the change in the dielectric properties of infected samples from that of
normal one may not be a clear evidence of an ailment, it is an indication of some
disorder.ln medical field, the free space method may be adapted for imaging the
biological samples. This method can also be used in wireless technology.
Evaluation of electrical properties and attenuation of obstacles in the path of RF
waves can be done using free waves. An intelligent system for controlling the
power output or frequency depending on the feed back values of the attenuation may
be developed.The simulation employed in GPR can be extended for the exploration of the
effects due to the factors such as the different proportion of water content in the soil,
the level and roughness of the soil etc on the reflected signal. This may find
applications in geological explorations. ln the detection of mines, a state-of-the art technique for scanning and imaging an active mine field can be developed using
GPR. The probing antenna can be attached to a robotic arm capable of three degrees
of rotation and the whole detecting system can be housed in a military vehicle. In
industry, a system based on the GPR principle can be developed for monitoring
liquid or gas through a pipe, as pipe with and without the sample gives different
reflection responses. lt may also be implemented for the online monitoring of
different stages of extraction and purification of crude petroleum in a plant.Since biological samples show fluctuation in the dielectric nature with time
and other physiological conditions, more investigation in this direction should be
done. The infected cells at various stages of advancement and the normal cells
should be analysed. The results from these comparative studies can be utilized for
the detection of the onset of such diseases. Studying the properties of infected
tissues at different stages, the threshold of detectability of infected cells can be
determined.
Description:
Department of Electronics, Cochin University of Science
and Technology.
Sobha, A. P; Prof. (Dr.) Sunil K. Narayanankutty(Cochin University of Science and Technology, August , 2015)
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Abstract:
Combining intrinsically conducting polymers with carbon nanotubes
(CNT) helps in creating composites with superior electrical and thermal
characteristics. These composites are capable of replacing metals and
semiconductors as they possess unique combination of electrical conductivity,
flexibility, stretchability, softness and bio-compatibility. Their potential
for use in various organic devices such as super capacitors, printable
conductors, optoelectronic devices, sensors, actuators, electrochemical
devices, electromagnetic interference shielding, field effect transistors,
LEDs, thermoelectrics etc. makes them excellent substitutes for present day
semiconductors.However, many of these potential applications have not been fully
exploited because of various open–ended challenges. Composites meant for
use in organic devices require highly stable conductivity for the longevity of
the devices. CNT when incorporated at specific proportions, and with
special methods contributes quite positively to this end.The increasing demand for energy and depleting fossil fuel reserves
has broadened the scope for research into alternative energy sources. A
unique and efficient method for harnessing energy is thermoelectric energy
conversion method. Here, heat is converted directly into electricity using a
class of materials known as thermoelectric materials. Though polymers have
low electrical conductivity and thermo power, their low thermal conductivity
favours use as a thermoelectric material. The thermally disconnected, but
electrically connected carrier pathways in CNT/Polymer composites can satisfy the so-called “phonon-glass/electron-crystal” property required for
thermoelectric materials.
Strain sensing is commonly used for monitoring in engineering,
medicine, space or ocean research. Polymeric composites are ideal candidates
for the manufacture of strain sensors. Conducting elastomeric composites
containing CNT are widely used for this application. These CNT/Polymer
composites offer resistance change over a large strain range due to the low
Young‟s modulus and higher elasticity. They are also capable of covering
surfaces with arbitrary curvatures.Due to the high operating frequency and bandwidth of electronic
equipments electromagnetic interference (EMI) has attained the tag of an
„environmental pollutant‟, affecting other electronic devices as well as
living organisms. Among the EMI shielding materials, polymer composites
based on carbon nanotubes show great promise. High strength and stiffness,
extremely high aspect ratio, and good electrical conductivity of CNT make
it a filler of choice for shielding applications. A method for better dispersion,
orientation and connectivity of the CNT in polymer matrix is required to
enhance conductivity and EMI shielding.
This thesis presents a detailed study on the synthesis of functionalised
multiwalled carbon nanotube/polyaniline composites and their application
in electronic devices. The major areas focused include DC conductivity
retention at high temperature, thermoelectric, strain sensing and electromagnetic
interference shielding properties, thermogravimetric, dynamic mechanical
and tensile analysis in addition to structural and morphological studies.
Bindiya, Varghese M; Dr.Poulose Jacob, K; Dr.Unnikrishnan, A(Cochin University of Science And Technology, June 7, 2013)
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Abstract:
Knowledge discovery in databases is the non-trivial process of identifying valid, novel potentially useful and ultimately understandable patterns from data. The term Data mining refers to the process which does the exploratory analysis on the data and builds some model on the data. To infer patterns from data, data mining involves different approaches like association rule mining, classification techniques or clustering techniques. Among the many data mining techniques, clustering plays a major role, since it helps to group the related data for assessing properties and drawing conclusions. Most of the clustering algorithms act on a dataset with uniform format, since the similarity or dissimilarity between the data points is a significant factor in finding out the clusters. If a dataset consists of mixed attributes, i.e. a combination of numerical and categorical variables, a preferred approach is to convert different formats into a uniform format. The research study explores the various techniques to convert the mixed data sets to a numerical equivalent, so as to make it equipped for applying the statistical and similar algorithms. The results of clustering mixed category data after conversion to numeric data type have been demonstrated using a crime data set. The thesis also proposes an extension to the well known algorithm for handling mixed data types, to deal with data sets having only categorical data. The proposed conversion has been validated on a data set corresponding to breast cancer. Moreover, another issue with the clustering process is the visualization of output. Different geometric techniques like scatter plot, or projection plots are available, but none of the techniques display the result projecting the whole database but rather demonstrate attribute-pair wise analysis
Description:
Department of Computer Science
Cochin University of Science and Technology
Jayesh, P; Dr.Bright Singh,I S(Cochin University of Science and Technology, September , 2012)
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Abstract:
Unveiling the molecular and regulatory mechanisms that prevent in vitro
transformation in shrimp remains elusive in the development of continuous cell
lines, with an arduous history of over 25 years (Jayesh et al., 2012). Despite
presenting challenges to researchers in developing a cell line, the billion dollar
aquaculture industry is under viral threat. In addition, the regulatory mechanisms
that prevent in vitro transformation and carcinoma in shrimps might provide new
leads for the development of anti-ageing and anti-cancer interventions in human
(Vogt, 2011) and in higher vertebrates. This highlights the importance of
developing shrimp cell lines, to bring out effective prophylactics against shrimp
viruses and for understanding the mechanism that induce cancer and ageing in
human.. Advances in molecular biology and various gene transfer technologies for
immortalization of cells have resulted in the development of hundreds of cell lines
from insects and mammals, but yet not a single cell line has been developed from
shrimp and other marine invertebrates. With this backdrop, the research described
in this thesis attempted to develop molecular tools for induced in vitro
transformation in lymphoid cells from Penaeus monodon and for the development
of continuous cell lines using conventional and novel technologies to address the
problems at cellular and molecular level.
Description:
National Centre for Aquatic Animal
Health, School of Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science and
Technology
Sobhana, Mathew; Dr.Girish Kumar, K(Cochin University of Science and Technology, March , 2012)
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Abstract:
Electroanalytical techniques represent a class of powerful and versatile
analytical method which is based on the electrical properties of a solution of
the analyte when it is made part of an electrochemical cell. They offer high
sensitivity, accuracy, precision and a large linear dynamic range. The cost of
instrumentation is relatively low compared to other instrumental methods of
analysis. Many solid state electrochemical sensors have been commercialised
nowadays. Potentiometry is a very simple electroanalytical technique with
extraordinary analytical capabilities. Since valinomycin was introduced as an
ionophore for K+, Ion Selective Electrodes have become one of the best
studied and understood analytical devices. It can be used for the
determination of substances ranging from simple inorganic ions to complex
organic molecules. It is a very attractive option owing to the wide range of
applications and ease of the use of the instruments employed. They also
possess the advantages of short response time, high selectivity and very low
detection limits. Moreover, analysis by these electrodes is non-destructive and
adaptable to small sample volumes. It has become a standard technique for
medical researchers, biologists, geologists and environmental specialists.
This thesis presents the synthesis and characterisation of five
ionophores. Based on these ionophores, nine potentiometric sensors are
fabricated for the determination of ions such as Pb2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and
Sal- ion (Salicylate ion). The electrochemical characterisation and analytical
application studies of the developed sensors are also described. The thesis is
divided into eight chapters
Description:
Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology
Manju, N J; Dr.Bright Singh,I S(Cochin University of Science and Technology, October , 2007)
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Abstract:
This thesis entitled Development of nitrifying ans photosynthetic sulfur bacteria based bioaugmentation systems for the bioremediation of ammonia and hydregen sulphide in shrimp culture.
the thesis is to propose a sustainable, low cost option for the mitigation of toxic ammonia and hydrogen sulphide in shrimp culture systems. Use of ‘bioaugmentors’ as pond additives is an emerging field in aquaculture. Understanding the role of organisms involved in the ‘bioaugmentor’ will obviously help to optimize conditions for their activity.The thesis describes the use of wood powder immobilization of nitrifying consortia.Shrimp grow out systems are specialized and highly dynamic aquaculture production units which when operated under zero exchange mode require bioremediation of ammonia, nitrite nitrogen and hydrogen sulphide to protect the crop. The research conducted here is to develop an economically viable and user friendly technology for addressing the above problem. The nitrifying bacterial consortia (NBC) generated earlier (Achuthan et al., 2006) were used for developing the technology.Clear demonstration of better quality of immobilized nitrifiers generated in this study for field application.
Description:
National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, School of Environmental
Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology
Bright Singh, I S; Rosamma, Philip; Cini, Achuthan; Rejish Kumar, V J; Manju, N J(New Delhi, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research., April 17, 2006)
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Abstract:
Two ammonia oxidizing (AMOPCU-1 and AMONPCU-1) and two nitrite oxidizing (NIOPCU-1 and NIONPCU-1) consortia for activating nitrifying bioreactors and thereby establishing nitrification in penaeid and non-penaeid hatchery systems were developed by enrichment. For further amplification of the consortia a simple medium having seawater (either salinity 30 ‰ or 15 ‰) as base, supplemented with NH4+-N/NO2--N and PO4- and pH adjusted to 8 was identified. During the amplification in a fermentor the consortia exhibited excessive wall growth and diminished their yield coefficient posing difficulty in harvesting the cells completely. The consortia consisted of both Gram negative and Gram-positive bacterial cells embedded in a mucilaginous matrix of glycocalyx - like material presumably composed of polysaccharides. The consortia besides being useful in activating nitrifying bioreactors developed for shrimp/prawn hatchery systems can also be used as bioaugmentors in the bioremediation of ammonia and nitrite toxicity in aquaculture systems.
Description:
Indian Journal of Marine Sciences
Vol. 35(3), September 2006, pp. 240-248