Bright Singh, I S; Rosamma, Philip; Anas, A; Somnath Pai, S; Douglas, W Lowman; David, L Williams; Stewart, Millen(Blackwell Publishing, July 1, 2009)
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Abstract:
E¡ect of an extraction method on the structure of
glucan and its immunostimulatory response in Fenneropenaeus
indicus was investigated. Here we extracted
alkali insoluble glucan (AIG) and alkali
soluble glucan (ASG) from a ¢lamentous fungi Acremonium
diospyri following alkali^acid hydrolysis and
the sodium hypochlorite oxidation and dimethyl
sulphoxide extraction method respectively. Structural
analysis showed that 85% of glucan in AIG was a
(1 !3)-b-D-glucan and it increased the prophenoloxidase
and reactive oxygen intermediate activity
when administered to F. indicus. On the other hand,
ASG, which contained 93% (1 !3)-a-glucan, did
not induce signi¢cant immune response in shrimp.
Here we report that the di¡erence in immunostimulatory
potential between AIG and ASG is due to the
di¡erence in the percentage of (1 !3)-b-D-glucans
present in each preparation, which varies with the
method of extraction employed. Also our observations
suggest that glucan can be used as a potential
immunostimulant to shrimp, provided it contains
(1 !3)-b-D-glucan as the major fraction.
Bright Singh, I S; Sajeevan, T P; Rosamma, Philip(Elsevier, October 24, 2008)
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Abstract:
The immunostimulatory effect of an alkali insoluble glucan extracted from marine yeast isolate Candida sake
S165 was tested in Fenneropenaeus indicus. Post larvae (PL) of F. indicus, fed glucan incorporated diet at
varying concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 g glucan/100 g feed) for 21 days were challenged orally with
white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Maximum survival was observed in PL fed the 0.2% glucan incorporated
diet. Subsequently the feed incorporated with 0.2% glucan was fed to F. indicus post larvae at different
feeding intervals, i.e. daily, once every two days, once every five days, once every seven days and once every
ten days. After 40 days, the prawns were challenged orally with WSSV and post challenge survival was
recorded. Shrimp feed containing 0.2% glucan when administered once every seven days gave maximum
survival. This was supported by haematological data obtained from adult F. indicus, i.e. total haemocyte count,
phenoloxidase activity and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction (NBT). The present observation confirms the
importance of dose and frequency of administration of immunostimulants in shrimp health management
Bright Singh, I S; PhIlip, R; Amar, B(Blackwell Publishing, June 19, 2006)
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Abstract:
Prawn shell waste collected from shrimp-processing plants in
Cochin, India, was subjected to fermentation using 20
chitinoclastic and proteolytic/non-proteolytic bacterial
strains. The products generated were analysed for protein,
lipid, total sugars, N-acetyl glucosamine, free amino acids
and ash. Shrimp diets were prepared using these 20 fermented
products and a control diet using raw prawn shell
waste. Feeding experiment was conducted with postlarvae
(PL21) of Indian white prawn, Fenneropenaeus indicus for a
period of 21 days. Biogrowth parameters such as mean
weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate and
protein efficiency ratio were estimated and the animals were
challenged with white spot virus orally via diet. Enhanced
growth could be observed in prawns fed F134 and F124,
incorporated with the fermentation products generated using
Bacillus spp., C134 and C124 respectively. The percentage
survival of prawns after 7 days of challenge was found to be
highest for groups fed diet F111 incorporated with fermentation
product generated using Bacillus sp. These products of
bacterial fermentation hold promise as growth enhancers and
immunostimulants in aquaculture.
KEY WORDS: biogrowth parameters, feed
Bright Singh, I S; Sajeevan, T P; Rosamma, Philip(Elsevier, March 5, 2006)
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Abstract:
The efficacy of a marine yeast Candida sake as source of immunostimulant to Indian white shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus was
estimated. Biomass of C. sake was prepared using malt extract agar and incorporated at graded levels into a standard diet to prepare
yeast diets of varying biomass concentrations (1%, 10% and 20%). F. indicus were fed on these diets for a period of 28 days and
challenged orally with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and immune parameters such as total haemocyte count, phenoloxidase
and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction (NBT) were determined. Ten per cent C. sake in the diet was found to support an optimum
immune response in the animals in general and their enhancement could be observed on the second and third day following
challenge with the virus. The study has demonstrated that marine yeast C. sake at 10% in diet (w/w) may be used as an effective
source of immunostimulants in F. indicus
Bright Singh, I S; Rosamma, Philip; Swapna, Antony P(Elsevier, June 23, 2011)
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Abstract:
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play a major role in innate immunity. Penaeidins are a family of AMPs that
appear to be expressed in all penaeid shrimps. Penaeidins are composed of an N-terminal proline-rich
domain, followed by a C-terminal domain containing six cysteine residues organized in two doublets. This
study reports the first penaeidin AMP sequence, Fi-penaeidin (GenBank accession number HM243617) from
the Indian white shrimp, Fenneropenaeus indicus. The full length cDNA consists of 186 base pairs encoding 61
amino acidswith an ORF of 42 amino acids and contains a putative signal peptide of 19 amino acids. Comparison
of F. indicus penaeidin (Fi-penaeidin) with other known penaeidins showed that it shared maximum similarity
with penaeidins of Farfantepenaeus paulensis and Farfantepenaeus subtilis (96% each). Fi-penaeidin has a predicted
molecular weight (MW) of 4.478 kDa and theoretical isoelectric point (pI) of 5.3
Bright Singh, I S; Rosamma, Philip; Resmy, Varghese; Manjusha, M; Mohandas, A(Elsevier, August 15, 2009)
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Abstract:
To demonstrate pathological changes due to white spot virus infection in Fenneropenaeus indicus, a batch
of hatchery bred quarantined animals was experimentally infected with the virus. Organs such as gills,
foregut, mid-gut, hindgut, nerve, eye, heart, ovary and integument were examined by light and electron
microscopy. Histopathological analyses revealed changes hitherto not reported in F. indicus such as
lesions to the internal folding of gut resulted in syncytial mass sloughed off into lumen, thickening of
hepatopancreatic connective tissue with vacuolization of tubules and necrosis of rectal pads in hindgut.
Virus replication was seen in the crystalline tract region of the compound eye and eosinophilic granules
infiltrated from its base. In the gill arch, dilation and disintegration of median blood vessel was observed.
In the nervous tissues, encapsulation and subsequent atrophy of hypertrophied nuclei of the neurosecretory
cells were found. Transmission electron microscopy showed viral replication and morphogenesis in
cells of infected tissue. De novo formed vesicles covered the capsid forming a bilayered envelop opened at
one end inside the virogenic stroma. Circular vesicles containing nuclear material was found fused with
the envelop. Subsequent thickening of the envelop resulted in the fully formed virus. In this study, a correlation
was observed between the stages of viral multiplication and the corresponding pathological
changes in the cells during the WSV infection. Accordingly, gill and foregut tissues were found highly
infected during the onset of clinical signs itself, and are proposed to be used as the tissues for routine disease
diagnosis.
Description:
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 102 (2009) 225–232