Paulose,C S; Amee,Krishnakumar; Anu, Joseph(Department of Biotechnology, 2007)
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Abstract:
Neuroscience is the study of'tbe ne rvous system , including the i - ; . in, spinal
cord and peripheral nerves . Neurons are the basic cells of the brain and
nervous system which exerts its functional role through various
neurotransmitters and receptor systems . The activity of a nen ren depends
on the balance between the number of excitatory and inhibito r y processes
affecting it, both processes occurring individually and sin ,tlte-' ,ieously. The
functional bal,ince of different neurotransmitters such as Acct >>lcholine
(Ach), Dopamine (DA), Serotonin (5-1-17), Nor epinepbri,te (N.1 j,
Epinephrine (LPI), Glutamate and Gamma amino butyric acid (GA BA)
regulates the growth , division and other vital functions ofa normal cell /
organisin (Sudha, 1 998). The micro-environ ; nertt of the cell is controlled
/ the macro-environment that surrounds the individual. Any change in
the cell environment causes imbalance in cell homeostasis and f,ntction.
Pollution is a significant cause of imbalance caused iii the inacYcenvironment.
Interaction with polluted environments can have an adverse
impact on the health of humans. The alarming rise in enviromilmieil
cont.iniin :rtion has been linked to rises in levels of pesticides, ndltstr al
effluents, domestic Waste, car exhausts and other anthropogenic activities.
Persistent exposures to contaminant cause a negative imp,-, on brain
health and development . Pollution also causes a change in the
neurotransmitters and their receptor function leading to earl.;' recurrence
of neurodcge,terative disorders such as flypoxia , Alzbeimers's and
Huntington 's disease early in life.