Nandakumar, G; Dr.Damodaran,R(Cochin University of Science and Technology, 1997)
[+]
[-]
Abstract:
Crustaceans comprising numerous edible species of prawns, lobsters and crabs inhabiting different ecosystem form significant portion of the aquatic food resources of the world. Among the crustaceans, prawns are the most commercially exploited group and hold premier rank by virtue of their importance as an esteemed food of gourmet and on account of their high export value. Met-ape-naeus manoceras (Fabricius, 1798) which is known IS,Speckled shrimp’ (FAD name) and ‘Brown shrimp’ ( common nameused in the industry) is one of the commercially important marine penaeid prawns of India. During 1995, M. monaceros catch constituted 7.5 Z of the all India marine penaeid prawn landings. M. monoceros attains a maximum length of about 200 mm and has high export potential.Thus realising the growing importance of M. monoceros in the capture fisheries, it was felt, that it would be ideal to carry out detailed study on this species for rational exploitation and management of its fishery. Hence, the present work entitled, “Biology, population characteristics and fishery of the speckled shrimp Hetapenaeus monoceros (Fabricius, 1798) along Kerala coast“ was undertaken by the author. The thesis is laid out in seven chapters comprising TAXONOMY, FOOD AND FEEDING HABITS, AGE AND GROWTH, REPRODUCTION,LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP, FISHERY and POPULATION DYNAMICS
Description:
Division of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry,
School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology
Selven,S; Dr.Rosamma,Philip(Cochin University of Science and Technology, May , 2008)
[+]
[-]
Abstract:
Aquaculture has developed to become one of the fastest growing food producing sectors in the world.Today India is one among the major shrimp producing countries in the world.There are extensive and intensive shrimp culture practices. In
extensive shrimp culture, shrimps are stocked at low densities (< 25 PLs m'2)in large ponds or tidal enclosures in which little or no management is exercised or possible. Farmers depend almost entirely on natural conditions in extensive cultures. Intensive shrimp culture is carried out in
high densities (>200 PLs m'2). Much of the world shrimp production still comes from extensive culture.There is a growing demand for fish and marine products for human and animal consumption. This demand has led to rapid growth of
aquaculture, which some times has been accompanied by ecological impacts and economic loss due to diseases. The expansion of shrimp culture always accompanies local environmental degradation and
occurrence of diseases.Disease out breaks is recognised as a significant constraint to aquaculture production. Environmental factors, water quality, pollution due to effluent discharge and pathogenic invasion due to vertical
and horizontal transmission are the main causes of shrimp disease out breaks. Nutritional imbalance, toxicant and other pollutants also account for the onset of diseases.
pathogens include viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites.Viruses are the most economically significant pathogens of the cultured shrimps world wide. Disease control in shrimp aquaculture should focus first on preventive measures for eliminating disease promoting factors.ln order to design prophylactic and proactive measures against shrimp diseases, it is mandatory to understand the immune make up of the cultivable species,
its optimum culture conditions and the physico chemical parameters of the rearing environment. It has been proven beyond doubt that disease is an end result of complex interaction of environment, pathogen and the host animal. The aquatic environment is abounded with infectious microbes.The transmission of disease in this environment is extremely easy,
especially under dense, culture conditions. Therefore, a better understanding of the immune responses of the cultured animal in relation to its environmental alterations and microbial invasions is essential indevising strategic measures against aquaculture loss due to diseases. This study accentuate the importance of
proper and regular health monitoring in shrimps employing the most appropriate haematological biomarkers for application of suitable prophylactic measures in order to avoid serious health hazards in shrimp culture systems.
Sudheer, N S; Dr.Rosamma,Philip; Dr.Bright Singh,I S(Cochin University of Science and Technology., December , 2009)
[+]
[-]
Abstract:
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the deadliest virus among crustaceans
ever discovered having several unique and novel features. Recent developments in
genomics and proteomics could elucidate the molecular process involved in the
WSSV infection and the host pathogen interaction to some extent. Until now no
fool proof treatment or prophylactic measure has been made available to control
WSSV out breaks in culture system. Even though there are technologies like
application of immunostimulants, vaccines, RNAi and several antiviral natural
products none of them has been taken to the level of clinical trials. However, there
are several management options such as application of bioremediation technologies
to maintain the required environmental quality, maintenance of zero water exchange
systems coupled with application of probiotics and vaccines which on adoption
shall pave way for successful crops amidst the rapid spread of the virus. In this
context the present work was undertaken to develop a drug from mangrove plants
for protecting shrimp from WSSV.Mangroves belong to those ecosystems that are presently under the threat
of destruction, diversion and blatant attack in the name of so called
‘developmental activities’. Mangrove plants have unique ecological features as
it serves as an ecotone between marine and terrestrial ecosystem and hence
possess diversity of metabolites with diverse activities. This prompted them
being used as remedial measures for several ailments for ages. Among the
mangrove plants Ceriops tagal, belonging to the family Rhizophororaceae was in
attention for many years for isolating new metabolites such as triterpenes,
phenolic compounds, etc. Even though there were attempts to study various plant
extracts to develop anti-viral preparations their activity against WSSV was not
investigated as yet.
Description:
Dept.of Marine Biology,Microbiology and Biochemistry,Cochin University of Science and Technology