| Abstract: | The present investigation was envisaged to determine the prevalence and identify the different Salmonella serovar in seafood from Cochin area. Though, the distribution of Salmonella serovars in different seafood samples of Cochin has been well documented, the present attempt was made to identify the different Salmonella serovars and determine its prevalence in various seafoods. First pan of this investigation involved the isolation and identification of Salmonella strains with the help of different conventional culture methods. The identified isolates were used for the further investigation i.e. serotyping, this provides the information about the prevalent serovars in seafood. The prevalent Salmonella strains have been further characterized based on the utilization of different sugars and amino acids, to identify the different biovar of a serovar.A major research gap was observed in molecular characterization of Salmonella in seafood. Though, previous investigations reported the large number of Salmonella serovars from food sources in India, yet, very few work has been reported regarding genetic characterization of Salmonella serovars associated with food. Second part of this thesis deals with different molecular fingerprint profiles of the Salmonella serovars from seafood. Various molecular typing methods such as plasmid profiling, characterization of virulence genes, PFGE, PCR- ribotyping, and ERIC—PCR have been used for the genetic characterization of Salmonella serovars.The conventional culture methods are mainly used for the identification of Salmonella in seafood and most of the investigations from India and abroad showed the usage of culture method for detection of Salmonella in seafood. Hence, development of indigenous, rapid molecular method is most desirable for screening of Salmonella in large number of seafood samples at a shorter time period. Final part of this study attempted to develop alternative, rapid molecular detection method for the detection of Salmonella in seafood. Rapid eight—hour PCR assay has been developed for detection of Salmonella in seafood. The performance of three different methods viz., culture, ELISA and PCR assays were evaluated for detection of Salmonella in seafood and the results were statistically analyzed. Presence of Salmonella cells in food and enviromnental has been reported low in number, hence, more sensitive method for enumeration of Salmonella in food sample need to be developed. A quantitative realtime PCR has been developed for detection of Salmonella in seafood. This method would be useful for quantitative detection of Salmonella in seafood. |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/2879 |
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| Dyuthi-T0876.pdf | (6.640Mb) |
| Description: | School of Industrial Fisheries, Cochin University of Science and Technology |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/xmlui/purl/2082 |
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| Dyuthi-T0380.pdf | (6.766Mb) |
| Abstract: | In this thesis all these aspects are taken into consideration. Extensive studies were conducted on all aspects of processing of crabs, mussels and clams. The species taken for studies are commercially used ones namely Scylla sereta, perna viridis, and villorita cyprinoids. In Chapter 4.1 with regard to crab) the following aspects on their handling and processing are reported seasonal variation of chemical constituents, changes taking place during ice storage, freezing, canning etc. In Chapter 4._2 with regard to mussel, the relation between age (size) and chemical constituents, changes taking place during ice storage, freezing, canning etc. are reported and in Chapter 4.3 the changes taking place in clam muscle during icing and freezing are reported and the ame rebility of ice stored clams for canning purpose is reported.The interference of high concentration of glycogen in mussel and clam muscles during the colour development of ribose (Me-jbaum's method) is observed and remedial step are taken to minimise the interference. |
| Description: | CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF FISHERIES TECHNOLOGY |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/3277 |
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| Dyuthi-T1251.pdf | (18.67Mb) |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/1178 |
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| Chinnamma George 1985.PDF | (780.7Kb) |
| Abstract: | In fish processing plants, there is huge amount of skin that is left as the waste. When this skin is taken and processed into fish collagen, it will save large amount of money that is used for extraction of collagen from other animal s.Fish collagen can be used as an alternative to replace mammalian collagen, especially collagen extracted from bovine, when we consider the outbreak of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) and the foot - and-mouth disease (FMD) issues. BSE and TSE are progressive neurological disorders affecting cattles caused by proteinacious infectious particles called prions.The study aims in producing collagen that has been extracted from fish skin to replace other animal collagen so as to overcome the problem of other animal collagen issues. Also the study utilized the abandoned fish waste produced by fish processing industry since bone, skin, fin and scales of fish can be a useful source of collagen. |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/5041 |
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| Dyuthi- T2107.pdf | (4.616Mb) |
| Abstract: | The present work is a base line attempt to investigate and assess the toxicities of three surfactants viz. anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), non ionic Triton X-1OO (TX-IOO) and cationic cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). These compounds represent simple members of the often neglected group of aquatic pollutants i.e. the anionic alkyl sulfates, non ionics and the cationics. These compounds are widely used In plastic industry, pesticide/herbicide formulations, detergents, oil spill dispersants, molluscicides etc. The test organisms selected for the present study are the cyanobacterium Synechocystis salina Wislouch representing a primary producer in the marine environment and a fresh water adapted euryhaline teleost Oreochromis mossambicus (peters) at the consumer level of the ecological pyramid. The fish species, though not indigenous to our country, is now found ubiquitously in fresh water systems and estuaries. Also it is highly resistant to pollutants and has been suggested as an indicator of pollution in tropical region . |
| Description: | Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry,Cochin University of Science and Technology |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/2243 |
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| Dyuthi-T0571.pdf | (7.288Mb) |
| Abstract: | In the present investigation, three important stressors: cadmium ion (Cd++), salinity and temperature were selected to study their effects on protein and purine catabolism of O. mossambicus. Cadmium (Cd) is a biologically nonessential metal that can be toxic to aquatic animals. Cadmium is a trace element which is a common constituent of industrial effluents. It is a non-nutrient metal and toxic to fish even at low concentrations. Cadmium ions accumulate in sensitive organs like gills, liver, and kidney of fish in an unregulated manner . Thus; the toxic effects of cadmium are related to changes in natural physiological and biochemical processes in organism. The mechanics of osmoregulation (i.e. total solute and water regulation) are reasonably well understood (Evans, 1984, 1993), and most researchers agree that salinities that differ from the internal osmotic concentration of the fish must impose energetic regulatory costs for active ion transport. There is limited information on protein and purine catabolism of euryhaline fish during salinity adaptation. Within a range of non-lethal temperatures, fishes are generally able to cope with gradual temperature changes that are common in natural systems. However, rapid increases or decreases in ambient temperature may result in sub lethal physiological and behavioral responses. The catabolic pathways of proteins and purines are important biochemical processes. The results obtained signifies that O. mossambicus when exposed to different levels of cadmium ion, salinity and temperature show great variation in the catabolism of proteins and purines. The organism is trying to attain homeostasis in the presence of stressors by increasing or decreasing the activity of certain enzymes. The present study revealed that the protein and purine catabolism in O. mossambicus is sensitive to environmental stressors. |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/4921 |
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| Dyuthi-T2000.pdf | (2.594Mb) |
| Description: | Dept.of Marine Biology,Microbiology & Biochemistry,Cochin University of Science and Technology |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/2371 |
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| Dyuthi-T0643.pdf | (3.448Mb) |
| Abstract: | The present study dealt with the haematological, biochemical and istopathological impacts of different sub lethal concentrations of ethanol on a euryhaline teleost Oreochromis In05.s‘ambicu.5' (Peters).Studies carried out using GC indicated an increase in blood ethanol oncentration of the fish which mainly arose due to fishes entering into a state of hypoxia which explains ethanol production as an ubiquitous “anaerobic” end product, which gets accumulated whenever metabolic demand exceeds the mitochondrial oxidative potential. The very low amount of ethanol detected in the control group ofO mossambicns was mainly due to the activity of microorganisms in the gut ofO. Nzossambicus.Oedcma observed in the present study, is a defense mechanism that reduces the branchial superficial area of the fish which comes in contact with the external milieu. These mechanisms also increase the diffusion barrier to the pollutant. Dilation of the blood vessels is due to increased permeability helping in the free passage of ethanol into the blood stream. Telangiectasis observed explains the state of asphyxia of the fish when subjected to ethanol toxicity indicating acute respiratory distress. Gill aneurysm observed indicates impaired respiratory function. This is related to the rupture of the pillar cells which results in an increased blood flow inside the lamellae, causing dilation of the blood vessel or even aneurysm of gill.The present findings warrant future studies to explore A'T'Pases as possible biomarkers of pollutant exposure in ecotoxicology. This study indicated that O. mossambicus when exposed for 7 and 21 days to ethanol was under tremendous stress and parameters employed in this study can be adapted for future investigations as biomarkers of damage caused by ethanol to aquatic organisms. The present study revealed that O. mossambicus is sensitive to sub lethal concentrations of ethanol. |
| Description: | Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of marine Science, Cochin University of Science and Technology |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/3121 |
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| Dyuthi-T1095.pdf | (36.94Mb) |
| Abstract: | The present work is a base—|ine attempt to investigate and assess the toxicity of water-accommodated fractions (WAF) of Bombay High crude oil. The experimental animal selected for the present study is a euryhaline teleost, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters), adapted to fresh water. The fish has been selected on account of its economic valve, abundant availability, experimental feasibility, ease of rearing and maintenance and also because it is one of the commonly cultured species in the South-East Asian countries. |
| Description: | Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/3515 |
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| Dyuthi-T1488.pdf | (5.151Mb) |
| Abstract: | Man uses a variety of synthetic material for his comfortable materialistic life. Thus human interactions may become harmful for various terrestrial and aquatic lives. This is by contaminating their habitat and by becoming a threat to organisms itself. Thus the application and dispersal of several organic pollutants can lead to the development of several mutated forms of the species when exposed to sublethal concentrations of the pollutants. Otherwise, a decrease in number or extinction of these exposed species from earth's face may happen. Pesticides, we use for the benefit of crop yield, but its persistence may become havoc to non-target organism. Pesticides reaching a reservoir can subsequently enter the higher trophic levels. Organophosphorus compounds have replaced all other pesticides, due to its acute toxicity and non-persistent nature.Hence the present study has concentrated on the toxicity of the largest market-selling and multipurpose pesticide, chlorpyrifos on the commonly edible aquatic organism, fish. The euryhaline cichlid Oreochromis mossambicus was selected as animal model. The study has concentrated on investigating biochemical parameters like tissue-specific enzymes, antioxidant and lipid-peroxidation parameters, haematological and histological observations and pesticide residue analysis.Major findings of this work have indicated the possibility of aquatic toxicity to the fish on exposure to the insecticide chlorpyrifos. The insecticide was found as effective to induce structural alteration, depletion in protein content, decrease in different metabolic enzyme levels and to progress lipid peroxidation on a prolonged exposure of 21 days. The ion-transport mechanism was found to be adversely affected. Electrophoretic analysis revealed the disappearance of several protein bands after 21days of exposure to chlorpyrifos. Residue, analysis by gas chromatography explored the levels of chlorpyrifos retaining on the edible tissue portions during exposure period of 21days and also on a recovery period of 10 days. |
| Description: | Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology. |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/2823 |
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| Dyuthi-T0843.pdf | (17.23Mb) |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/5513 |
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| Dyuthi T-2555.pdf | (3.510Mb) |
| Abstract: | ‘Biochemical genetics of selected commercially important penaeid prawns‘ dloted was carried out by collecting samples from different important fishing ceatres of India and the practical work was carried out in the Research Centre of CMFRI laboratories attached with those places. On the whole, in crustacea little importance has been given so far in finding out tin genetic characteristics of different species, genetic variation within and between species and ontogenetic variations in lobsters, prawns and other crustaceans. Prawn is caunercially important group where very little attention had been given so far to find out the racial divergence which may exist in cufferent species. with the increased foreign exchange earning and consequent indiscriminate over exploitation of existing resources of prawns resulting in depletion of the marine rescurces, alternative ways and augmenting production has become essential. In this connection genetic manipulation of the broodstock will surely bring about the heterogenous characters to multiply production. In order to understand racial fragmentation of sane of the coumercially important prawns such as Pengeus ggdicus and Parggenagsis sgliferg the isozyme studies were carried out. Qatogenetic variation of g. indicus showed stage specific electrophoretic variation. Inter species variation studies was carried out for the closely aligned Penaeus species |
| Description: | Department Of Marine Sciences,Cochin University Of Science And Technology |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/3523 |
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| Dyuthi-T1496.pdf | (7.147Mb) |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/1216 |
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| Philip Samuel P 1988.PDF | (372.6Kb) |
| Abstract: | The main objective of the present investigation was to study the biochemical genetic variability within the species and genetic structure of its regional populations from west coast. Realising the recent report of occurrence of oil sardine fishery in east coast of India, population samples from Mandapam and Madras were also included in the present investigation. The original data gathered on the population genetics of the species have helped to interpret and evaluate the results objectively. The important conclusions drawn from a detailed discussions on the subject would throw some light on the probable process of problematic fluctuations in the abundance of oil sardine fishery of India. The academic and applied values of present discoveries need not be emphasised. The data used for the doctoral thesis were generated during the ICAR ad-hoc project on the "Population genetic studies on oil sardine, sardinella longiceps to identity distinct genetic stocks", carried out at CMFRI, Cochin during the years, 1988-1991 |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/xmlui/purl/2095 |
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| Dyuthi-T0381.pdf | (7.542Mb) |
| Abstract: | In this project, an attempt has been made to study the stability of erythrocyte and lysosomal membranes biochemically. Erythrocytes were chosen for the study because of their ready availability and relative simplicity. Biological membranes forming closed boundaries between compartments of varying composition consist mainly of proteins and lipids. They are asymmetric, fluid structures that are thermodynamically stable and metabolically active. Normal cellular function begins with normal membrane structure and any variation in it may upset the normal functions. The degree of fluidity of a membrane depends on the chain length of its lipids and degree of unsaturation of constituent fatty acids. In response to environmental changes, many cells can regulate composition of their membranes to maintain the overall semi fluid environment necessary for many membrane associated functions. The assembly and Maintenance of membrane structures in cells is a dynamic process. The components are not only synthesized and inserted into a growing membrane but are also continuously degraded at a slower rate. This turnover process varies with each individual molecule.Lysosomes are important in the catabolic processes occurring in the cell. Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes and are stable under normal conditions. In certain pathological conditions, the lysosomal membrane may rupture, releasing the hydrolytic enzymes into the cell and digestion of cell takes place as a whole. This is very dangerous. In normal life processes of multi cellular organisms, lysosomes rupture following the death of a cell and it may have some value as a built in mechanism for selfremoval of dead cells.An attempt has also been made in this project towards developing lysosome membrane stability as an index of fish spoilage during storage. Different membranes within the cell and between cells have different compositions as reflected in the ratio of protein to lipid. The difference is not surprising given the very different functions of membranes |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/919 |
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| Dyuthi-T0011.pdf | (5.783Mb) |
| Abstract: | With a seacoast of 8,1 18 km, an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of 2 million square km, and with an area of about 30,000 square km under aquaculture, lndia produces close to six million tonnes of fish, over 4 per cent of the world fish production. While the marine waters upto 50m depth have been fully exploited, those beyond, remain unexplored. There is an ever increasing demand for fishery resources as food. The coastal fishery resources of the country are dwindling at a rapid pace and it becomes highly imperative that we search for alternate fishery resources for food. The option we have is to hunt for marine fishery resources. Studies pertaining to proximate composition, amino acid and fatty acid composition are essential to understand the nutraceutical values of these deep sea fishery resources. The present study was aimed to carry out proximate composition of deep sea fishery resources obtained during cruises onboard the FORV Sarise Sampada, to identify fishery resources which have appreciable lipid content and thereby analyse the bioactive potentials of marine lipids, to study the amino acid profile of these fishery resources, to understand the contents of SPA, MUFA and PUFA and to calculate the n3/n6 fatty acid contents. Though the presence of nutraceuticals was identified in the marine fishery resources their use as potential food resources deserve further investigation. So the study were carried out to calculate the hepatosomatic indices of sharks & chimaeras and conduct biochemical characterisation of liver oils of Apristurus indicus, Cenlrophorus scalprams, Centroselachus crepidater, Neoharriotta raleighana, and Harriotta pinnata obtained during cruises onboard the FORV Sugar Sampada.Therapeutic use of shark liver oil is evident from its use for centuries as a remedy to heal wounds and fight flu (Neil er al. 2006). Japanese seamen called it 'samedava' or "cure all". Shark liver oil is being promoted worldwide as a dietary supplement to boost the immune system, fight infections, to treat cancer and to lessen the side effects of conventional cancer treatment. These days more emphasis is laid on the nutritive benefits of shark liver oils especially on the omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ( PUFAs) (Anandan er al. 2007) and alkylglycerols (AKGs) (Pugliese er al. I998) contained in them due to the high rise of inflammatory disorders such as arthritis, asthma and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Schizophrenia. So the present study also evaluate the pharmacological properties with respect to analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti pyretic and anti-ulcer effects of four different liver oils of sharks belonging to the Indian EEZ and to identify the components of oil responsible for these activities.The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of liver oils from Neoharriotra raleighana (NR), Centrosymnus crepidater (CC), Apristurus indicus (AI), and Centrophorus sculpratus (CS) sharks caught from the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean were compared. The main objectives also include determination of the cholesterol lowering effects of liver oils of Neoharriotra raleighana (NR) and Centrophorus sculpratus (CS) on the high fat diet induced dyslipidemia and to compare the impact of four isolipidemic diets, on levels of serum diagnostic marker enzymes, on lipid profile of blood and liver and antioxidant status of heart in male Albino rats. And also to study the efficacy of Centrophorus sculpratus (CS) liver oil against Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-induced arthritis and to compare the anti-inflammatory activity of this oil with a traditionally used anti-inflammatory substance gingerol (oleoresin extracted from ginger.). The results of the present study indicated that both (Centrophorus sculpratus liver oils as well as gingerol extracts proved to be effective natural remedies against CFA-induced arthritis in Albino rats. |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/3021 |
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| Dyuthi-T0999.pdf | (19.41Mb) |
| Abstract: | The present work is focused on the organelle and biochemical responses to heavy metal exposure in the fish Oreochromis mossambicus giving particular importance to the metal detoxifying machinery of the organism. The thesis is an outcome of the effort aimed at developing practicable monitoring techniques to deliver guidelines for biological effect monitoring and the need for specific biochemical methods to detect biological effects of heavy metals that can be interpreted in terms of the health status of the individual organism and eventually alterations in vital processes as growth and reproduction. The efficiency of the metal detoxifying metallothioneins which is an attractive tool for biological monitoring, their role as scavengers of trace metal ions and thus in relieving the biological machinery from their toxicity effects are important themes of this study. Efforts have also been made to test the reliability of the spill over hypothesis of the action of metallothioneins (Winge et a1.,1973) and their use as a biological barometer of heavy metal stress. |
| Description: | Division of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Science,Cochin University of Science and Technology |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/3726 |
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| Dyuthi-T1693.pdf | (2.472Mb) |
| Abstract: | Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) is a dramatic and challenging syndrome in clinical medicine. Although an uncommon disorder, it is usually fatal and occurs in previously healthy person. While the causes of FHF remain unclear, viral hepatitis and drug-induced liver injury account for the majority of cases. Hepatitis E causes large-scale epidemics of hepatitis in the Indian subcontinent, involving hundreds of thousands of cases with high mortality. FHF is associated with several clinical features like jaundice, shrunken liver, easy bruising, low levels of serum proteins, fatigue, multi-organ failure etc and metabolic derangements like hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyponatremia, defective protein synthesis, reduced energy production, decreased rate of urea production etc. These disturbances are predominantly attributed to oxidative stress, membrane destabilization and osmolytic imbalances. The options available for these patients are quite minimal with liver transplantation being one of them. But the procedure is ridden with issues causing it to find less favor among the patients and the caregivers. Use of hepatoprotective and cytoprotective drugs, is being considered to be a more acceptable alternative as a strategy to enhance liver regeneration. In this regard use of taurine a naturally occurring amino acid that plays a crucial role in many physiological processes would prove to be effective. In the present study, hepatoprotective effect of taurine on a rat model of induced FHF was studied. Taurine supplementation has effectively counteracted the metabolic and structural aberrations in the liver caused by D-galactosamine intoxication. |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/2891 |
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| Dyuthi-T0888.pdf | (3.848Mb) |
| Abstract: | The present study indicate that prior administration of taurine is effective in minimizing all the deleterious effects induced by isoproterenol, thereby justifying its use as a potent cytoprotective agent. The overall cardioprotective effect of taurine is probably related to its antioxidant property evidenced by its ability to reduce lipid peroxidation and to maintain the activities of free radical enzymes and nonenzymatic antioxidants, its membrane stabilizing action and to its hypolipidemic property. |
| Description: | Dept.of Marine Biology,Microbiology and Biochemistry,Cochin University of Science and Technology |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/2838 |
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| Dyuthi-T0852.pdf | (8.681Mb) |
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