| Abstract: | Carbon storage potential of teak plantation was estimated by studying plantations in Nilambur undergoing prescribed thinning schedules. Nilambur in Kerala State has the reputation of establishing the first teak plantation in India. The area has a humid tropical climate with around 300 cm annual rainfall received from the two monsoons. The soil is well drained coarse textured oxisol with high content of sesquioxides. An average teak tree at Nilambur was found to attain a height of 6.93 m and dbh of 6.3 cm at 5 year which was seen to increase to 22.83 m and 45.85 cm, respectively at the final felling stage of 50 years. Biomass was found to increase from 65.38 kg tree-1 at the first stage to 1085.70 kg tree-1 at the final stage of felling. Significant increase in growth and biomass production was noted after 30th year of plantation.Carbon sequestration in various compartments of teak followed the pattern bole > branch > root > bark in the initial stages and bole > root > branch > bark in the latter stages. Carbon sequestration increased with age and at 50 years 332.88 kg tree- 1 carbon was found to be stored in bole, 60.63 in branch, 80.06 in root and 26.57 kg tree-1 in bark compartment giving a total of 508.14 kg tree-1 of carbon.Allometric models to predict carbon sequestration with height and dbh as independent variable and carbon sequestered as dependent variable were tested to obtain the best fit model. The best regression model for predicting carbon sequestered in the bole compartment was √Y = 1.502 + 0.344 D, that for bark √Y = 1.163 + 0.082 D, for branch ln Y =1.308 lnD-1.116, for root √Y = 0.858 + 0.170 D, for above ground compartment √Y = 2.113 + 0.379 D and that for predicting the total carbon sequestered in the teak in all its vegetative parts was √Y = 2.289 + 0.415 D. Carbon sequestration potential of teak plantations in Kerala was calculated based on the estimated carbon sequestration at prescribed felling stages and the area prescribed for felling in 2014. The calculated figure was 0.21 million tons of carbon which was equivalent to Certified Emission Reduction (CER) potential of 0.81 million units corresponding to 61.48 crores of rupees at current exchange rates |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/5165 |
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| Dyuthi-T2199.pdf | (10.93Mb) |
| Description: | National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/2485 |
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| Dyuthi-T0668.pdf | (12.76Mb) |
| Abstract: | The research work which was carried out to characterization of wastes from natural rubber and rubber wood processing industries and their utilization for biomethanation. Environmental contamination is an inevitable consequence of human activity. The liquid and solid wastes from natural rubber based industries were: characterized and their use for the production of biogas investigated with a view to conserve conventional energy, and to mitigate environmental degradation.Rubber tree (flevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.), is the most important commercial source of natural rubber and in india. Recently, pollution from the rubber processing factories has become very serious due to the introduction of modern methods and centralized group processing practices.The possibility of the use of spent slurry as organic manure is discussed.l0 percent level of PSD, the activity of cellulolytic, acid producing,proteolytic, lipolytic and methanogenic bacteria were more in the middle stage of methanogenesis.the liquid wastes from rubber processing used as diluents in combination with PSD, SPE promoted more biogas production with high methane content in the gas.The factors that favour methane production like TS, VS, cellulose and hemicellulose degradation were favoured in this treatment which led to higher methane biogenesis.The results further highlight ways and means to use agricultural wastes as alternative sources of energy. |
| Description: | Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/3059 |
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| Dyuthi-T1033.pdf | (4.264Mb) |
| Abstract: | The tiniest Union territory of India, Lakshadweep, is an archipelago, with an area of 32 Sq. km. consisting of 12 atolls, three reefs and five submerged banks, lies between 8° and 12°30'N latitudes and 71° and 74" E longitudes. It is one of the most important and critical territories of India from economic and defence point of view. Specialised environment having typical geological set up, Lakshadweep is ecologically sensitive to even slight climatic or anthropogenic interference. Pollution of coastal seas, over exploitation and contamination of the fresh water sources are thus become great concerns to the existence of the island. Typical geological set up and interference cause threat to the ecology of the fragile environment and resources of the island as well as its resources. Marine pollution and ground water contamination are concerns in this regard. Even though attentions were made to assess the physico—chemical and bacteriological status of the marine and groundwater systems separately, an integrated approach has not been evolved. The present study with its broad objectives is attempted for an integrated assessment of microbiological, physicochemical and biological characteristics of the surrounding seawater and microbiological and physico—chemical characteristics of the ground water in Kavaratti island. The entire study has been organised in 4 chapters |
| Description: | Chemical Sciences Division, Centre for Earth Science Studies |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/3368 |
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| Dyuthi-T1345.pdf | (6.223Mb) |
| Abstract: | This thesis Entitled Colour removal from dye house effluents using zero valent iron and fenton oxidation.Findings reported on kinetic profile during oxidation of dyes with Fenton’s reagent are in good agreement with observations of earlier workers on other organic substrates. This work goes a step further. Critical concentration of the dye at which the reaction mechanism undergoes transition has been identified.The oxidation of Reactive Yellow showed that the initial rates for decolorization increased linearly with an increase in hydrogen peroxide concentration over the range studied. Fenton oxidation of all dyes except Methylene Blue showed that the initial rates increased linearly with an in the ferrous sulphate concentration. This increase was observed only up to an optimum concentration beyond which further increase resulted in a decrease in the initial rates. Variation of initial rates with Ferrous sulphate concentration resulted in a linear plot passing through the origin indicating that the reaction is first order with respect to ferrous sulphate. |
| Description: | School of Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/3149 |
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| Dyuthi-T1123.pdf | (11.54Mb) |
| Abstract: | Spike disease in sandal is generally diagnosed by the manifestation of external symptoms. Attempts have been made to detect the diseased plants by determining the length/breadth ratio of leaves (lyengar, 1961) and histochemical tests using Mann's stain (Parthasarathi et al., 1966), Dienes' stain (Ananthapadmanabha et a/., 1973) aniline blue and Hoechst 33258 (Ghosh et a/., 1985, Rangaswamy, 1995). But most of these techniques are insensitive, indirect detection methods leading to misinterpretation of results. Moreover, to identify disease resistant sandal trees, highly sensitive techniques are needed to detect the presence of the pathogen. In sandal forests, several host plants of sandal like Zizyphus oenop/ea (Fig. 1.3) also exhibit the yellows type disease symptoms. Immunological and molecular assays have to be developed to confirm the presence of sandal spike phytoplasma in such hosts. The major objectives of the present work includes:In situ detection of sandal spike phytoplasma by epifluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.,Purification of sandal spike phytoplasma and production of polyclonal antibodies.,Amino acid and total protein estimation of sandal spike phytoplasma.,Immunological detection of sandal spike phytoplasma., Molecular detection of sandal spike phytoplasma.,Screening for phytoplasma in host plants of spike disease affected sandal using immunological and molecular techniques. |
| Description: | Department of environmental studies, Cochin University of Science And Technology |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/3421 |
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| Dyuthi-T1393.pdf | (12.45Mb) |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/4996 |
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| Dyuthi-T2065.pdf | (39.56Mb) |
| Abstract: | Nitrification is the biological oxidation of ammonium, first to nitrite and then to nitrate by two groups of aerobic, chemolithotrophic bacteria belonging to the family Nitrobacteriaceae. The biological nitrification in municipal wastewater treatment is important in those cases were ammonia removal requirement specially exist. In a trickling filter or in an activated sludge system nitrification is rate limiting and thus necessitates longer detention time. The combined carbon oxidation-nitrification processes generally have low population of nitrifiers due to a high ratio of BOD to total nitrogen in the effluent. This necessitates, separate carbon and nitrogen oxidation processes, which thus minimizes wash out ofthe nitrifiers. Therefore, a separate stage nitrification has become essential to achieve faster and efficient removal of ammonia from the wastewater. The present work deals with the development of bio reactor for nitrifying of sewage as the tertiary process so that the treated wastewater can be used for irrigation, algal culture or fish culture |
| Description: | School of environmental studies, Cochin University of Science And Technology |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/3444 |
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| Dyuthi-T1405.pdf | (5.607Mb) |
| Abstract: | In the present study the development of bioreactors for nitrifying water in closed system hatcheries of penaeid and non-penaeid prawns. This work is an attempt in this direction to cater to the needs of aquaculture industry for treatment and remediation of ammonia and nitrate in penaeid and non-penaeid hatcheries, by developing nitrifying bacteria allochthonous to the particular environment under consideration, and immobilizing them on an appropriately designed support materials configured as reactors. Ammonia toxicity is the major limiting factors in penaeid and non-penaeid hatchery systems causing lethal and sublethal effects on larvae depending on the pH values. Pressing need of the aquaculture industry to have a user friendly and economically viable technology for the removal of ammonia, which can be easily integrated to the existing hatchery designs without any major changes or modifications. Only option available now is to have biological filters through which water can be circulated for the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate through nitrite by a group of chemolithotrophs known as nitrifying bacteria. Two types of bioreactors have been designed and developed. The first category named as in situ stringed bed suspended bioreactor(SBSBR) was designed for use in the larval rearing tanks to remove ammonia and nitrite during larval rearing on a continuous basis, and the other to be used for nitrifying freshly collected seawater and spent water named as ex situ packed bed bioreactior(PBBR). On employing the two reactors together , both penaeid and non-penaeid larval rearing systems can be made a closed recirculating system at least for a season. A survey of literature revealed that the in situ stringed bed suspended reactor developed here is unique in its design, fabrication and mode of application. |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/939 |
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| Dyuthi-T0047.pdf | (3.513Mb) |
| Abstract: | The present work deals with the development of primary cell culture and diploid cell lines from two fishes, such as Poecilia reticulata and Clarias gariepinus. The greatest difficulty experienced was the avoidance of bacterial and fungi contamination. Three types of cell cultures are commonly developed, primary cell culture, diploid cell lines and heteroploid cell lines. Primary cell culture obtained from the animal tissues that have been cultivated in vitro for the first time. They are characterized by the same chromosome number as parent tissue, cultivated in vitro for the first time, have wide range of virus susceptibility, usually not malignant, six chromatin retarded and do not grow as suspension cultures. Diploid cell lines arise from a primary cell culture at the time of subculturing. Diploid cell lines commercially used in virology are W1-38 (human embryonic lung), W1-26 (human embryonic lung) and HEX (Human embryonic kidney). Heteroploid cell lines have been subcultivated with less than 75% of the cells in the population having a diploid chromosome constitution. Tissue cultures have been extensively used in biomedical research. The main applications are in three areas, Karyological studies, Identification and study of hereditary metabolic disorders and Somatic cell genetics. Other applications are in virology and host-parasite relationships. In this study an attempt was made to preserve the ovarian tissue at low temperature in the presence of cryoprotectants so that the tissue can be retrieved at any time and a cell culture could be developed. |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/106 |
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| Dyuthi-T0046.pdf | (3.098Mb) |
| Abstract: | Unveiling the molecular and regulatory mechanisms that prevent in vitro transformation in shrimp remains elusive in the development of continuous cell lines, with an arduous history of over 25 years (Jayesh et al., 2012). Despite presenting challenges to researchers in developing a cell line, the billion dollar aquaculture industry is under viral threat. In addition, the regulatory mechanisms that prevent in vitro transformation and carcinoma in shrimps might provide new leads for the development of anti-ageing and anti-cancer interventions in human (Vogt, 2011) and in higher vertebrates. This highlights the importance of developing shrimp cell lines, to bring out effective prophylactics against shrimp viruses and for understanding the mechanism that induce cancer and ageing in human.. Advances in molecular biology and various gene transfer technologies for immortalization of cells have resulted in the development of hundreds of cell lines from insects and mammals, but yet not a single cell line has been developed from shrimp and other marine invertebrates. With this backdrop, the research described in this thesis attempted to develop molecular tools for induced in vitro transformation in lymphoid cells from Penaeus monodon and for the development of continuous cell lines using conventional and novel technologies to address the problems at cellular and molecular level. |
| Description: | National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, School of Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/3260 |
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| Dyuthi-T1234.pdf | (25.33Mb) |
| Description: | School of Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/2182 |
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| Dyuthi-T0531.pdf | (3.004Mb) |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/5611 |
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| Dyuthi T-2651.pdf | (46.57Mb) |
| Abstract: | This thesis entitled Development of nitrifying ans photosynthetic sulfur bacteria based bioaugmentation systems for the bioremediation of ammonia and hydregen sulphide in shrimp culture. the thesis is to propose a sustainable, low cost option for the mitigation of toxic ammonia and hydrogen sulphide in shrimp culture systems. Use of ‘bioaugmentors’ as pond additives is an emerging field in aquaculture. Understanding the role of organisms involved in the ‘bioaugmentor’ will obviously help to optimize conditions for their activity.The thesis describes the use of wood powder immobilization of nitrifying consortia.Shrimp grow out systems are specialized and highly dynamic aquaculture production units which when operated under zero exchange mode require bioremediation of ammonia, nitrite nitrogen and hydrogen sulphide to protect the crop. The research conducted here is to develop an economically viable and user friendly technology for addressing the above problem. The nitrifying bacterial consortia (NBC) generated earlier (Achuthan et al., 2006) were used for developing the technology.Clear demonstration of better quality of immobilized nitrifiers generated in this study for field application. |
| Description: | National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, School of Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/3076 |
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| Dyuthi-T1050.pdf | (8.062Mb) |
| Abstract: | Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing food sectors in the world. Amongst the various branches of aquaculture, shrimp culture has expanded rapidly across the globe because of its faster growth rate, short culture period, high export value and demand in the International market. Indian shrimp farming has experienced phenomenal development over the decades due to its excellent commercial viability. Farmers have adopted a number of innovative technologies to improve the production and to maximize the returns per unit area. The culture methods adopted can be classified in to extensive, modified extensive and semi intensive based on the management strategies adopted in terms of pond size, stocking density, feeding and environmental control. In all these systems water exchanges through the natural tidal effects, or pump fed either from creek or from estuaries is a common practice. In all the cases, the systems are prone to epizootics due to the pathogen introduction through the incoming water, either brought by vectors, reservoir hosts, infected tissue debris and free pathogens themselves. In this scenario, measures to prevent the introduction of pathogen have become a necessity to protect the crop from the onslaught of diseases as well as to prevent the discharge of waste water in to the culture environment.The present thesis deals with Standardization of bioremediation technology for zero water exchange shrimp culture system |
| Description: | School of Environmental Studies,Cochin University of Science and Technology |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/3477 |
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| Dyuthi-T1427.pdf | (6.867Mb) |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/5451 |
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| Dyuthi T-2492.pdf | (35.50Mb) |
| Abstract: | When we consider Kerala and Karnataka States according to their levels of decentralisation. Kerala is at the beginning of the scale of decentralisation whereas Kamataka has moved far ahead along this scale. Therefore I in order to conduct a comparative study of the SUbject under analysis t Kamataka has been selected owing to the fact that it is in an advanced stage in the experience of district planning compared to Kerala , Karnataka could successfully implement district planning and it is me of the pioneering states in this regard. But Kerala has not gained much experience in the field of decentralised district planning till now. Furthermore Kerala and Kamataka states are selected for the present study due to operational reasons I besides the author I s familiarity with the socia-economic conditions of these states. Thus. an analysis of the district planning experience of Kamataka will provide constructive and valuable information. which will be of great importance to Kerala State, which is now aspiring to introduce ful.I-f'Iedge district planning by constituting elected District Coancils in every district of Kerala. Moreover. the findings and policy implications of the present study will be of immense help to planners, politicians. administrators, academicians and people at large. |
| Description: | School of Management Studies, Cochin University of Science & Technology |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/3387 |
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| Dyuthi-T1364.pdf | (13.63Mb) |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/5523 |
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| Dyuthi T-2566.pdf | (25.15Mb) |
| Abstract: | mbikulam Tiger Reserve of Western Ghats using Geospatial technology. The major objectives of the study are Land use land cover mapping (LULC) and Phytodiversity analysis. Satellite data was used to map the land use / land cover using supervised classification techniques in Erdas imagine. The change for a period of 32 years was assessed using the multi-temporal satellite datasets from Landsat MSS (1973), Landsat TM (1990), and IRS P6 LISS III (2005). A geospatial approach was used for the land cover analysis. Digital elevation models, Satellite imageries and SOI topo sheets were the data sets used in the analysis. Vegetation sampling plots distributed over the different forest types were enumerated and studied for Phytodiversity analysis. |
| Description: | Dept. of GIS & Remote Sensing. Forest Management and Information System Division,Kerala Forest Research Institute |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/4533 |
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| Dyuthi-T1812.pdf | (5.896Mb) |
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