Balarama Kaimal,S; Dr. Paulose, C S(Cochin University of Science & Technology, July , 2005)
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Abstract:
The present study demonstrate the functional alterations of the GABAA and GABAB
receptors and the gene expression during the regeneration of pancreas following
partial pancreatectomy. The role of these receptors in insulin secretion and
pancreatic DNA synthesis using the specific agonists and antagonists also are studied
in vitro. The alterations of GABAA and GABAR receptor function and gene
expression in the brain stem, crebellum and hypothalamus play an important role in
the sympathetic regulation of insulin secretion during pancreatic regeneration.
Previous studies have given much information linking functional interaction between
GABA and the peripheral nervous system. The involvement of specific receptor
subtypes functional regulation during pancreatic regeneration has not given emphasis
and research in this area seems to be scarce. We have observed a decreased GABA
content, down regulation of GABAA receptors and an up regulation of GABAB
receptors in the cerebral cortex, brain stem and hypothalamus. Real Time-PCR
analysis confirmed the receptor data in the brain regions. These alterations in the
GABAA and GABAB receptors of the brain are suggested to govern the regenerative
response and growth regulation of the pancreas through sympathetic innervation. In
addition, receptor binding studies and Real Time-PCR analysis revealed that during
pancreatic regeneration GABAA receptors were down regulated and GABAB
receptors were up regulated in pancreatic islets. This suggests an inhibitory role for
GABAA receptors in islet cell proliferation i.e., the down regulation of this receptor
facilitates proliferation. Insulin secretion study during 1 hour showed GABA has
inhibited the insulin secretion in a dose dependent manner in normal and
hyperglycaemic conditions. Bicuculline did not antagonize this effect. GABAA
agonist, muscimol inhibited glucose stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic
islets except in the lowest concentration of 1O-9M in presence of 4mM glucose.Musclmol enhanced insulin secretion at 10-7 and 10-4M muscimol in presence of
20mM glucose- 4mM glucose represents normal and 20mM represent
hyperglycaemic conditions. GABAB agonist, baclofen also inhibited glucose induced
insulin secretion and enhanced at the concentration of 1O-5M at 4mM glucose and at
10-9M baclofen in presence of 20mM glucose. This shows a differential control of
the GABAA and GABAB receptors over insulin release from the pancreatic islets.
During 24 hours in vitro insulin secretion study it showed that low concentration of
GABA has inhibited glucose stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic islets.
Muscimol, the GABAA agonist, inhibited the insulin secretion but, gave an enhanced
secretion of insulin in presence of 4mM glucose at 10-7
, 10-5 and 1O-4M muscimol.
But in presence of 20mM glucose muscimol significantly inhibited the insulin
secretion. GABAB agonist, baclofen also inhibited glucose induced insulin secretion
in presence of both 4mM and 20mM glucose. This shows the inhibitory role of
GABA and its specific receptor subtypes over insulin synthesis from pancreatic bete-islets.
In vitro DNA synthesis studies showed that activation of GABAA receptor by
adding muscimol, a specific agonist, inhibited islet DNA synthesis. Also, the
addition of baclofen, a specific agonist of GABAB receptor resulted in the stimulation
of DNA synthesis.Thus the brain and pancreatic GABAA and GABAB receptor
gene expression differentially regulates pancreatic insulin secretion and islet cell
proliferation during pancreatic regeneration. This will have immense clinical
significance in therapeutic applications in the management of Diabetes mellitus.
Description:
Department of Biotechnology,
Cochin University of Science and Technology
Jobin, Mathew; Dr. Paulose, C S(Cochin University of Science and Technology, March 11, 2010)
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Abstract:
The research work which was carried out to characterization of wastes from natural rubber and rubber wood processing industries and their utilization for biomethanation. Environmental contamination is an inevitable consequence of human activity. The liquid and solid wastes from natural rubber based industries were: characterized and their use for the production of biogas investigated with a view to conserve conventional energy, and to mitigate environmental degradation.Rubber tree (flevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.), is the most important commercial source of natural rubber and in india. Recently, pollution from the rubber processing factories has become very serious due to the introduction of modern methods and centralized group processing practices.The possibility of the use of spent slurry as organic manure is discussed.l0 percent level of PSD, the activity of cellulolytic, acid producing,proteolytic, lipolytic and methanogenic bacteria were more in the middle stage of methanogenesis.the liquid wastes from rubber processing used as diluents in combination with PSD, SPE promoted more biogas production with high methane content in the gas.The factors that favour methane production like TS, VS, cellulose and hemicellulose degradation were favoured in this treatment which led to higher methane biogenesis.The results further highlight ways and means to use agricultural wastes as alternative sources of energy.
Description:
Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology
Shilpa, Joy; Dr. Paulose, C S(Cochin University of Science And Technology, July , 2013)
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Abstract:
Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems provide wide opportunities for
solving problems associated with drug stability or disease states and create great
expectations in the area of drug delivery (Bosselmann & Williams, 2012).
Nanotechnology, in a simple way, explains the technology that deals with one
billionth of a meter scale (Ochekpe, et al., 2009). Fewer side effects, poor
bioavailability, absorption at intestine, solubility, specific delivery to site of action
with good pharmacological efficiency, slow release, degradation of drug and
effective therapeutic outcome, are the major challenges faced by most of the drug
delivery systems. To a great extent, biopolymer coated drug delivery systems
coupled with nanotechnology alleviate the major drawbacks of the common
delivery methods. Chitosan, deacetylated chitin, is a copolymer of β-(1, 4) linked
glucosamine (deacetylated unit) and N- acetyl glucosamine (acetylated unit)
(Radhakumary et al., 2005). Chitosan is biodegradable, non-toxic and bio
compatible. Owing to the removal of acetyl moieties that are present in the amine
functional groups of chitin, chitosan is readily soluble in aqueous acidic solution.
The solubilisation occurs through the protonation of amino groups on the C-2
position of D-glucosamine residues whereby polysaccharide is converted into
polycation in acidic media. Chitosan interacts with many active compounds due to
the presence of amine group in it. The presence of this active amine group in
chitosan was exploited for the interaction with the active molecules in the present
study. Nanoparticles of chitosan coupled drugs are utilized for drug delivery in
eye, brain, liver, cancer tissues, treatment of spinal cord injury and infections
(Sharma et al., 2007; Li, et a., 2009; Paolicelli et al., 2009; Cho et al., 2010). To
deliver drugs directly to the intended site of action and to improve
pharmacological efficiency by minimizing undesired side effects elsewhere in the
body and decrease the long-term use of many drugs, polymeric drug delivery
systems can be used (Thatte et al., 2005).
Description:
Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology
Biju,M P; Paulose,C S(Department of Biotechnology, 2000)
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Abstract:
The present thesis is an attempt to understand the role of GABA, GABAA and GABAB receptors in the regulation of liver cell proliferation using in vivo and in vitro models. The work also focuses on the brain GABAergic changes associated with normal and neoplastic cell growth in liver and to delineate its regulatory function. The investigation of mechanisms involving mitogenic models without cell necrosis may contribute our knowledge about both on cell growth, carcinogenesis, liver pathology and treatment. Objectives of the present study are, to induce controlled liver cell proliferation by partial hepatectomy and lead nitrate administration and uncontrolled cell proliferation by N-nitrosodiethylamine treatment in male Wistar rats, the changes in the content of GABA, GABAA,GABAB in various rat brain regions. To study the GABAA and GABAB receptor changes in brain stem, hypothalamus, cerebellum and cerebral cortex during the active cortex during the period of active DNA synthesis in liver of different experimental groups. The changes in GABAA and GABAB receptor function of the brain stem, hypothalamus and cerebellum play an important role sympathetic regulation of cell proliferation and neoplastic growth in liver. The decrease in GABA content in brain stem, hypothalamus and cerebellum during regeneration and neoplasia in liver. The time course of brain GABAergic changes was closely correlated with that of heptic DNA synthesis. The functional significance of these changes was further explored by studying the changes in GABAA and GABAB receptors in brain.
Anju, T R; Dr. Paulose, C S(Cochin University of Science and Technology, September , 2010)
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Abstract:
The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of
glucose, oxygen and epinephrine resuscitation on impairment in the functional role
of GABAergic, serotonergic, muscarinic receptors, PLC, BAX, SOD, CAT and
GPx expression in the brain regions of hypoxia induced neonatal rats. Also, the
role of hormones - Triiodothyronine (T3) and insulin, second messengers –
cAMP, cGMP and IP3 and transcription factors – HIF and CREB in the regulation
of neonatal hypoxia and its resuscitation methods were studied. Behavioural
studies were conducted to evaluate the motor function and cognitive deficit in one
month old control and experimental rats. The efficient and timely supplementation
of glucose plays a crucial role in correcting the molecular changes due to hypoxia,
oxygen and epinephrine. The sequence of glucose, epinephrine and oxygen
administration at the molecular level is an important aspect of the study. The
additive neuronal damage effect due to oxygen and epinephrine treatment is
another important observation. The corrective measures by initial supply of
glucose to hypoxic neonatal rats showed from the molecular study when brought
to practice will lead to healthy intellectual capacity during the later developmental
stages, which has immense clinical significance in neonatal care.
Description:
Department of Biotechnology,
Cochin University of Science and Technology
Sebastian, C A; Dr.Chandrasekharan Pillai, K N(Cochin University of Science and Technology, April 20, 1995)
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Abstract:
The present work deals with the Gender discrimination in the law of divorce and succession among christians.Inquiries Into the personal laws bereft of the historical develcpment of the concerned communities will be extremely inadequate as they may not help the researcher to Identify the laws' real source.In this view, the origin and development of Christian law In india has not so far been adequately gone into. Keeping In view the Importance of such a study calling for an exploration of the origin and development of the Christian community and its branching out In india as a prelude to the inqury into the Christian laws, the history of the conmunity in india was examined and the present study IndIcates that christianity In india has a diverse origin in dIfferent parts of India.And this diversity has resulted in the development of different systems of personal law for different sects among them. At present Christians in India constitute a minority but their numerical strength is not negligible. Yet they have not been able to act as an Influential group either socially or politically.The social changes and developments that swept away the community of its feet have overturned the position and the liberals in the community inspired by the changes elsewhere could bring in some statute law to govern the arena traditionally held by the customs.The history of reception of canon law concepts In different parts of India throws some light on the differences In the personal laws applicable to Christians In India.
Description:
Department of Law, Cochin University of Science and Technology.
Lalithabhai,K N; Sankaranarayanan,K C(Department of Applied Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, 2003)
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Abstract:
Women participating in work outside home and the resultant change in Labour market structure placeing female labour as a strong component were breakthrough of twentieth centry. The major share of women labourers in India is crowding in agriculture, household industries and other traditional sectors. Shift in cropping pattern has adverse impacts on female labour. Female labour lost opportunities in the labour market this has adverse impact on family consumption. The study is directed to investigate the impact of female labour saving shift in cropping on female labour force participation and the resultant change in household consumption pattern the specific objectives this study are impact of change in the cropping pattern on employment, change female employment, family consumption pattern and changing situations of womenlabour in agriculture sector.
Swapna,T S; Padma, Nambisan(Department of Biotechnology, March , 2000)
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Abstract:
The study deals with the generation of variability for salt tolerance in rice using tissue culture techniques. Rice is the staple food of more than half of the world’s population. The management of drought, salinity and acidity in soils are all energy intensive agricultural practices. The Genetic variability is the basis of crop improvement. Somaclonal and androclonal variation can be effectively used for this purpose. In the present study, eight isozymes were studied and esterase and isocitric dehydrogenase was found to have varietal specific, developmental stage specific and stress specific banding pattern in rice. Under salt stress thickness of bands and enzyme activity showed changes. Pokkali, a moderately salt tolerant variety, had a specific band 7, which was present only in this variety and showed slight changes under stress. This band was faint in tillering and flowering stage .Based on the results obtained in the present study it is suggested that esterase could possibly be used as an isozyme marker for salt tolerance in rice. Varietal differences and stage specific variations could be detected using esterase and isocitric dehydrogenase . Moreover somaclonal and androclonal variation could be effectively detected using isozyme markers.
Jeena, N S; Dr.Gopalakrishnan, A(Cochin University of Science And Technology, May 23, 2013)
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Abstract:
The management of exploited species requires the identification of
demographically isolated populations that can be considered as independent
management units (MUs), failuring in which can lead to over -fishing and
depletion of less productive stocks. By characterizing the distribution of genetic
variation, population sub structuring can be detected and the degree of
connectivity among populations can be estimated. The genetic variation can be
observed using identified molecular markers of both nuclear and mitochondrial
origin. Hence, the present work was undertaken to study the genetic diversity
and population/stock structure in P. homarus homarus and T. unimaculatus
from different landing centres along the Indian coast using nuclear (RAPD) and
mitochondrial DNA marker tools which will help towards developing
management strategies for management and conservation of these declining
resources.To make consistent conservation and fisheries management decisions,
accurate species identifications are needed. It is also suggested that it is not
always desirable to rely on a single sequence for taxonomic identification.
Thus, the feasibility of using partial sequences of additional mitochondrial
genes like 16SrRNA, 12SrRNA and nuclear 18SrRNA has also been explored
in our study. Phylogenies provide a sound foundation for establishing
taxonomy. The present work also attempts to reconstruct the phylogeny of
eleven species of commercially important lobsters from the Indian EEZ using
molecular markers
Description:
National Bureau of
Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR) Cochin Unit, Central Marine Fisheries Research
Institute, Cochin
The thesis deals with the results of the study of the population characteristics of the marine penaeid prawn, Penaeus monodon from South India. The present findings on the morphometric and biochemical genetic structure support the hypothesis that the populations of P.monodon of South India have homogeneous stock structure. To the contrary, the significantly different random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles in samples of Kochi and Chennai support the hypothesis that east and west cost populations of P.monodon are separate stocks.
Manju, Nair P; Dr. Sujatha, C.H(Cochin University of Science & Technology, June , 2014)
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Abstract:
Geochemical composition is a set of data for predicting the climatic condition existing in an ecosystem. Both the surficial and core sediment geochemistry are helpful in monitoring, assessing and evaluating the marine environment. The aim of the research work is to assess the relationship between the biogeochemical constituents in the Cochin Estuarine System (CES), their modifications after a long period of anoxia and also to identify the various processes which control the sediment composition in this region, through a multivariate statistical approach. Therefore the study of present core sediment geochemistry has a critical role in unraveling the benchmark of their characterization. Sediment cores from four prominent zones of CES were examined for various biogeochemical aspects. The results have served as rejuvenating records for the prediction of core sediment status prevailing in the CES
Reji,Srinivas; Sajan,K(Department of Marine Geology and Geophysics, School of marine Sciences, 2002)
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Abstract:
In this study, an attempt has been made to find the textural, geochemical, sedimentological characteristics of sediments and water phases of the kayamkulam estuary located in the Southwest coast of Kerala, besides the impact of gas based thermal power plant located at the northern part of the estuary. Estuaries are an important stage in the transport of the solid weathering product of the earth’s crust. These weathered products or sediments are complex mixtures of a number of solid phases that may include clays, silica, organic matter, metal oxides, carbonates, sulfides and a number of minerals. Studies on the aquatic systems revealed the fact that it posses severe ecological impairments due to heavy discharge of sediments from 44 rivers, the continued disposal of pollutants rich materials from industries, sewage channels, agricultural areas and retting yards
Hariharan,G N; Nambiar,C G(Department of Marine Geology & Geophysics, School of Marine Sciences, 2001)
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Abstract:
The present work deals with the texture, mineralogy and geochemistry of bedload sediments of the main stream of the Chaliyar basin, a typical small drainage system of the tropics enjoying heavy rain fall and moderate climate, located essentially in the Northern Kerala and flowing over the crystalline rocks (and their laterized duricrust) of the South Indian granulite terrain. As the Chaliyar is the major river draining the Wynad Gold Fields and is known for its placer gold occurrences, the thesis gives special emphasize on understanding the nature and distribution of detrital gold in sediments of the basin, while attempting to infer the provenance characteristics and factors involved in the evolution of sediments in general. Minerologically the chaliyar basin sands are quartzose. The quartz and feldspar contents in the coarse sand fraction of the basin range from 64 to 86% and 2 to 16% respectively. The Q/F ration ranges from 4 to 38 with a slight decrease in the lower reaches. Other minerals present include, hornblende, pyroxene and heavy minerals like opaques, garnet, rutile, biotite, spene, silliminite, zircon, apatite and monazite some of which are seen as inclusions in quartz. The major element composition of Chaliyar bedload sediments in the main channel and the headwater tributaries is related to the mineralogical and textual characteristics of sediments.
Soney Kurien, P; Dr.Nambiar,C G(Cochin University Of Science And Technology, May 2, 2000)
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Abstract:
This report deals essentially with the geochemistry and petrogenesis
of Perinthatta anorthosite. The work also addresses the geological setting
of the pluton in terms of its field relationships and petrography and the
structure and metamorphism of the region and examines its relation with
the associated plutons. For the sake of convenience, the thesis is divided
into six chapters
Description:
Department of Marine Geology and Geophysics, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin
University of Science and Technology
Siby,Varghese; Chandramohanakumar, N(National Institute of Oceanography & CUSAT, 2003)
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Abstract:
Rare earth elements have occupied an important role in marine geochemical research, particularly as used in the format of REE abundance patterns to describe the geochemical pathways in marine sedimentation and authigenesis. This study concentrates on the distribution pattern of Rare earth elements in the sediments, behavior of Eu and Ce with respect to their occurrence in multiple oxidation states. It also concentrate the depth wise variation of sediment REEs from near shore areas (30m) to deeper depths 200m) in the Arabian Sea. It includes the downcore variation of REEs and other trace elements in the sediment cores and a comparison between the REE distributions of Arabian Sea sediment with the sediments of Andaman Sea. The study gives a general introduction regarding the importance of RRE studies, its occurrence and abundance, electronic configuration, lanthanide contraction, oxidations states and REE supply to the ocean, seawater and sediments.
Laluraj, C M; Dr.Muraleedharan Nair, S(Cochin University of Science and Technology, February , 2009)
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Abstract:
The metals present in the surface sediments have high demand on a
global perspective, and the main reservoir of these elements is believed to be
the ocean floor. A lot of studies on metals are going on throughout the world
for its quantification and exploitation. Even though, some preliminary
attempts have been made in selected areas for the quantitative study of
metals in the western continental shelf of India, no comprehensive work has
been reported so far. The importance of this study also lies on the fact that
there has not been a proper evaluation of the impact of the Great Tsunami of
2004 on the coastal areas of the south India. In View of this, an attempt has
been made to address the seasonal distribution, behavior and mechanisms
which control the deposition of metals in the sediments of the western
continental shelf and Cochin Estuary, an annex to this coastal marine region.Surface sediment samples were collected seasonally from two
subenvironemnts of southwest coast of India, (continental shelf of Kerala and
Cochin estuarine system), to estimate the seasonal distribution and geochemical
behavior of non-transition, transition, rare-earth elements, Th and U. Bottom
water samples were also taken from each station, and analysed for temperature,
salinity and dissolved oxygen, hence the response of redox sensitive elements to
oxygen minimum zone can be addressed. In addition, other sedimentary
parameters such as sand, silt, clay fractions, CaCO3 and organic carbon content
were also estimated to evaluate the control factors on level of metals present in
the sediment. The study used different environmental data analysis techniques
to evaluate the distribution and behavior of elements during different seasons.
This includes environmental parameters such as elemental normalisation,
enrichment factor, element excess, cerium and europium anomalies and
authigenic uranium.
Description:
Department of Chemical Oceanography,Cochin University of Science and Technology
Lasitha, S; Dr.Radhakrishna, M(Cochin University of Science and Technology, September , 2007)
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Abstract:
This work aims to study the variation in subduction
zone geometry along and across the arc and the fault pattern within the subducting
plate. Depth of penetration as well as the dip of the Benioff zone varies considerably
along the arc which corresponds to the curvature of the fold- thrust belt which varies
from concave to convex in different sectors of the arc. The entire arc is divided into 27
segments and depth sections thus prepared are utilized to investigate the average dip
of the Benioff zone in the different parts of the entire arc, penetration depth of the
subducting lithosphere, the subduction zone geometry underlying the trench, the arctrench
gap, etc.The study also
describes how different seismogenic sources are identified in the
region, estimation of moment release rate and deformation pattern. The region is
divided into broad seismogenic belts. Based on these previous studies and seismicity
Pattern, we identified several broad distinct seismogenic belts/sources. These are l)
the Outer arc region consisting of Andaman-Nicobar islands 2) the back-arc Andaman Sea 3)The Sumatran fault zone(SFZ)4)Java onshore region termed as Jave Fault Zone(JFZ)5)Sumatran fore arc silver plate consisting of Mentawai fault(MFZ)6) The offshore java fore arc region 7)The Sunda Strait region.As the Seismicity is variable,it is difficult to demarcate individual seismogenic sources.Hence, we employed a moving window method having a window length of 3—4° and with 50%
overlapping starting from one end to the other. We succeeded in defining 4 sources
each in the Andaman fore arc and Back arc region, 9 such sources (moving windows)
in the Sumatran Fault zone (SFZ), 9 sources in the offshore SFZ region and 7 sources
in the offshore Java region. Because of the low seismicity along JFZ, it is separated
into three seismogenic sources namely West Java, Central Java and East Java. The
Sunda strait is considered as a single seismogenic source.The deformation rates for
each of the seismogenic zones have been computed. A detailed error analysis of
velocity tensors using Monte—Carlo simulation method has been carried out in order
to obtain uncertainties. The eigen values and the respective eigen vectors of the
velocity tensor are computed to analyze the actual deformation pattem for different
zones. The results obtained have been discussed in the light of regional tectonics, and
their implications in terms of geodynamics have been enumerated.ln the light of recent major earthquakes (26th December 2004 and 28th March
2005 events) and the ongoing seismic activity, we have recalculated the variation in
the crustal deformation rates prior and after these earthquakes in Andaman—Sumatra
region including the data up to 2005 and the significant results has been presented.ln this
chapter, the down going lithosphere along the subduction zone is modeled using the
free air gravity data by taking into consideration the thickness of the crustal layer, the
thickness of the subducting slab, sediment thickness, presence of volcanism, the
proximity of the continental crust etc. Here a systematic and detailed gravity
interpretation constrained by seismicity and seismic data in the Andaman arc and the
Andaman Sea region in order to delineate the crustal structure and density heterogeneities a Io nagnd across the arc and its correlation with the seismogenic behaviour is presented.
Description:
Department of Marine Geology & Geophysics,
Cochin University of Science and Technology
Santosh,Kumar Pandey; Dr.Chakravarti, R S(Cochin University of Science and Technology, June , 2010)
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Abstract:
This thesis entitled Geometric algebra and einsteins electron: Deterministic field theories .The work in this thesis clarifies an important part of Koga’s theory.Koga also developed a theory of the electron incorporating its gravitational field, using his substitutes for Einstein’s equation.The third chapter deals with the application of geometric algebra to Koga’s approach of the Dirac equation. In chapter 4 we study some aspects of the work of mendel sachs (35,36,37,).Sachs stated aim is to show how quantum mechanics is a limiting case of a general relativistic unified field theory.Chapter 5 contains a critical study and comparison of the work of Koga and Sachs. In particular, we conclude that the incorporation of Mach’s principle is not necessary in Sachs’s treatment of the Dirac equation.
Description:
Department of Mathematics, Cochin University of Science
and Technology
Arts,K Purushotham; Radhakrishna,M(Department of Marine Geology and Geophysics,School of Marine Sciences, 2002)
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Abstract:
The main objective of the present study is to model the gravity fields in terms of lithospheric structure below the western continental margin of India (WCMI) identify zones of crustal mass anomalies and attempt to infer the location of Ocean Continent transition in the Arabian Sea. In this study, the area starting from the western shield margin to the region covering the deep oceanic parts of the Arabian Sea which is bounded by Carlsberg and Cerg and Central Indian ridges in the south, eastern part of the Indus Cone in the west and falling between 630E and 800E longitudes, and 50N - 240N latitudes has been considered. The vast amount of seismic reflection and refraction data in the form of crustal velocities, basement configuration and crustal thicknesses available for the west coast as well as the eastern Arabian Sea has been utilized for this purpose
Saly, Thomas N; Dr. Hridayanathan, C(Cochin University of Science and Technology, May , 2001)
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Abstract:
The fishing industry the world over is passing through a critical situation.The landings of marine fishes seemed to have reached saturation in major fishing areas of the world.As a general rule fisheries employing fishing gear and techniques used by small scale and artisanal fishermen either from shore or from onboard small fishing craft come under small-scale fisheries.This study on gill nets of Kerala, the fishing method depended upon by maximum fishermen of the state focuses on the importance of this selective and low energy fishing method in the marine fishing sector of the state.The study opens with the conceptual framework by briefly reviewing the crisis in the marine fisheries sector. Maximum fishermen depend upon gill net, which is, an important selective and low energy fishing gear. A review of relevant literature on aspects such as material, selectivity and techno-economic efficiency together with scope and main objectives of the study form the major part of the compass of the introductory chapter.This survey provided the inputs for selection of centres. The chapter presents the basis for selection of sample centres, sample units and methodology for field and experimental study.The subject matter of the fourth chapter is a basic study on gear aterials. The weathering resistance, which is an important criterion to assess the material performance, was studied for polyamide monofilament in comparison to polyamide multifilament and polyethylene twisted monofilament.The study provides supporting evidence of oxidation and characteristic C-O stretching in polyethylene and cyclic lactam .formation and presence of OH in polyamide.The study indicates that small mesh gill netting can be encouraged as a selective fishing method in the inshore waters with restrained use of 30 and 32 mm mesh sizes. The economic efficiency was assessed using standard indices such as rate of return, internal rate of return, pay back period, fishery income, energy efficiency and factor productivity. The effect of size and cost of capital and cost of production on the economics of operation is also discussed in this chapter. It was observed that level of technology did not have direct effect on economic performance.
Description:
Industrial Fisheries,
Cochin University of
Science and Technology
Anoo Anna, Anthony; Dr.Mary,Joseph T(Cochin University of Science and Technology, October , 2011)
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Abstract:
The literature on the involvement of developing countries in trade has focused on the effects of different aspects of globalization on firms, regions and countries. The study attempts to examine how an export based industry, locallyembedded and originated on the basis of regional strengths has been inserted into the global trade framework. Though the unit of analysis is the manufacturing export firm in the region of Kannur, it represents the entire home textile export
industry from the state of Kerala, as close to 90% of fabric exports in home furnishing material, textiles for upholstery and decoration and stitched or fused, and branded made ups are from the region. From a global perspective, how developing countries face newer trade restrictions and overcome non quota barriers by firm and region specific activities within a value chain framework is a major research area, which has already contributions from the Ludhiana woolen
cluster (Tewari,1999 ) and the Tirupur cluster in India (Cawthorne, 1995). The study contributes to the value chain literature by examining the governance and upgrading as well as how firms benefit from linkages. India has a number of export oriented agglomerations or regions where firms have been serving export markets for many years. In many cases it is no longer the supply side policy actions that determine how they are able to penetrate new markets or expand existing market share. Based on this study it becomes possible to understand how the global value chain operates in these different industries to examine whether there is a danger of immiserisation of growth or low road growth
Description:
School of Management Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology
Jayanarayanan, S; Dr. Paulose, C S(Cochin University Of Science And Technology, December 21, 2012)
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Abstract:
The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of
curcumin and vitamin D3 in the functional regulation of glutamatergic NMDA and
AMPA receptors in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Alterations in
glutamatergic neurotransmission in the brain were evaluated by analyzing the
glutamate content, glutamate receptors - NMDA and AMPA receptors binding
parameters and gene expression, GAD and GLAST gene expression.
Immunohistochemistry studies using confocal microscope were carried out to
confirm receptor density and gene expression results of NMDA and AMPA
receptors. The role of glutamatergic receptors in pancreas was studied using the
following parameters; glutamate content, GLAST expression, glutamate receptors
- NMDA and AMPA receptor binding and gene expression. Increasing evidence in
both experimental and clinical studies suggests that oxidative stress plays a major
role in the pathogenesis of diabetes. In the present study SOD assay and GPx gene
expression were done to evaluate the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the brain
regions and pancreas. NeuroD1 and Pdx1 gene expression were performed in
pancreas of experimental rats to evaluate pancreatic islet survival. Gene
expression profiles of caspase 8, Bax, and Akt in brain regions and pancreas were
studied to understand the possible mechanism behind curcumin and vitamin D3
mediated neuroprotection and islet survival. Gene expression studies of
vitamin D3 receptor localisation in the pancreas was done to understand the
mechanism of vitamin D3 in insulin secretion. Curcumin and vitamin D3 mediated
insulin secretion via Ca2+ release were studied using confocal microscope.
Description:
Department of Biotechnology
Cochin University of Science and Technology
Sosamma,Cherian; Dr.George, Philip(Cochin University of Science And Technology, May , 1984)
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Abstract:
Alpha glucan phosphorylase plays a very
significant role in glycolysis. The inhibition and
activation of this enzyme have significant effect on
the rate of glycolysis. The rate of glycolysis is
also determined by the interconversion between the
active 3 and inactive Q forms of phosphorylase by
two specific enzymes called phosphorylase phosphatase
and phosphorylase kinase. The allosteric properties
and interconversion mechanism reported for
well—studied animal muscle phosphorylases do not
fall under a general pattern. Studies using
purified phosphorylase from marine sources are scanty.
Detailed studies using specialised tissues from more
marine animals are necessary to find the factors that
control the properties and activities of the enzyme.
This thesis is an attempt in this direction. The
thesis deals with a detailed study of the control of
the phosphorylase by both allosterism and
interconversion between the g and b forms from four
different aquatic animals of different habitat. Phosphorylase frm the four different animal muscles were purified either partially or completely and the kinetic and control properties were studied.
Description:
School of marine sciences, Cochin University of Science And Technology
Suresh, M; Dr.Pillai, U T S(Cochin University of Science and Technology, April , 2012)
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Abstract:
Demand on magnesium and its alloys is increased significantly in the automotive industry because of their great potential in reducing the weight of components, thus resulting in improvement in fuel efficiency of the vehicle. To date, most of Mg products have been fabricated by casting, especially, by die-casting because of its high productivity, suitable strength, acceptable quality & dimensional accuracy and the components produced through sand, gravity and low pressure die casting are small extent. In fact, higher solidification rate is possible only in high pressure die casting, which results in finer grain size. However, achieving high cooling rate in gravity casting using sand and permanent moulds is a difficult task, which ends with a coarser grain nature and exhibit poor mechanical properties, which is an important aspect of the performance in industrial applications. Grain refinement is technologically attractive because it generally does not adversely affect ductility and toughness, contrary to most other strengthening methods. Therefore formation of fine grain structure in these castings is crucial, in order to improve the mechanical properties of these cast components.
Therefore, the present investigation is “GRAIN REFINEMENT STUDIES ON Mg AND Mg-Al BASED ALLOYS”. The primary objective of this present investigation is to study the effect of various grain refining inoculants (Al-4B, Al- 5TiB2 master alloys, Al4C3, Charcoal particles) on Pure Mg and Mg-Al alloys such as AZ31, AZ91 and study their grain refining mechanisms. The second objective of this work is to study the effect of superheating process on the grain size of AZ31, AZ91 Mg alloys with and without inoculants addition. In addition, to study the effect of grain refinement on the mechanical properties of Mg and Mg-Al alloys. The thesis is well organized with seven chapters and the details of the studies are given below in detail.
Description:
Materials Science and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), CSIR
John Kurian,P; Radhakrishna,M(Department of Marine Geology and Geophysics, School of Marine Sciences, 2000)
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Abstract:
The primary aim of the present study is to acquire a large amount of gravity data, to prepare gravity maps and interpret the data in terms of crustal structure below the Bavali shear zone and adjacent regions of northern Kerala. The gravity modeling is basically a tool to obtain knowledge of the subsurface extension of the exposed geological units and their structural relationship with the surroundings. The study is expected to throw light on the nature of the shear zone, crustal configuration below the high-grade granulite terrain and the tectonics operating during geological times in the region. The Bavali shear is manifested in the gravity profiles by a steep gravity gradient. The gravity models indicate that the Bavali shear coincides with steep plane that separates two contrasting crustal densities extending beyond a depth of 30 km possibly down to Moho, justifying it to be a Mantle fault. It is difficult to construct a generalized model of crustal evolution in terms of its varied manifestations using only the gravity data. However, the data constrains several aspects of crustal evolution and provides insights into some of the major events.
Jomon Jacob, P; Dr.Prathapan, S(Cochin University of Science And Technology, January 30, 2013)
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Abstract:
the thesis entitled “Ground and Excited
State Electron Transfer Reaction Between a few Anthracene
Appended Tertiary Amines and Suitable Electron Acceptors”
portrays our attempts to explore the solvent, concentration and
temperature effect of the reaction between a few (anthracen-9-
yl)methanamines with electron acceptors like DMAD, DBA and
DBE. We have also studied the effect of solvent and percentage
fluorescence quenching in the photoinduced electron transfer
reactions of these ‘donor-spacer-acceptor’ systems. Finally we
look in to the intramolecular electron transfer reactions of a few
tertiary amine appended dibenzobarrelenes and
bisdibenzobarrelenes
Description:
Department
of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology