Biju, A; Dr.Saramma, Panampunnayil U(National Institute of Oceanography, July , 2008)
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Abstract:
Members of the order Mysidacea are important component in marine
and estuarine plankton inhabiting all regions of the oceans. There are many
brackish water species and few species occur in fresh water, some have
become adapted to the specialized environments of caves and wells. They are
omnivores, responsible for remineralisation of a substantial portion of the
detritus in the water column. They form an important link in the food chain
(between microbial producers and secondary consumers) and therefore play a
major role in the cycling of energy within the aquatic ecosystem. In tropical
and subtropical waters, swarms of mysids are exploited commercially and
marketed as preserved cooked food. Mysids have been used in fish farming as
live feed resource. They are also excellent experimental organism, extremely
useful in the studies of potential impact of various pollutants in the aquatic
environment. Mysids are also used in wood pulp effluent plants.Considering the significant role of mysids in the productivity of tropical and coastal ecosystems,the present study has been undertaken to extend our knowledge on the systematics,
species composition, distribution,abundance and ecology of mysid fauna of the
Indian EEZ and adjoining areas. The present study therefore will undoubtedly fumish
valuable information on Mysidacea of the Indian waters.
Molly Varghese; Krishnan, L; Kuttyamma,V J(CMFRI, April , 2006)
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Abstract:
The studies were conducted in nine stations with varying ecological characteristics along Cochin backwaters and adjoining canals. Many workers opined that the distribution of rotifers is cosmopolitan. The significance of rotifers as first food for early larvae was indicated by Fujita. Aquaculture is a fast growing field in fisheries sector and it is gaining more importance as the fish landings and supply are getting irregular. A consistent supply of fish/shellfish can only be achieved through aquaculture. The success of any culture activity depends on the timely production of seeds of finfishes/shellfishes. The availability of wild seed is seasonal and erratic. So, a dependable source of seed of fishes and shellfishes is possible only through large scale production in hatchery. A successful seed production activity depends on the availability of a variety of suitable live feed organisms in sufficient quantities at the proper time for use in the larval stages. As the live feeds promote high growth rates, easy digestion, assimilation and the quality of not contaminating the culture water when compared to other artificial feeds, make the culture of live feed organisms the principal means of providing food for the larvae of finfishes and shellfishes. Rotifers are considered to be an excellent and indispensable food for larvae of many finfishes and crustaceans. It (1960) was the first to culture Brachionus plicatilis for feeding marine fish larvae, and now it is being extensively used as live feed in hatcheries all over the world. They are a group of microscopic organisms coming under the Phylum Rotifera which comprises of about 2000 species. Their slow swimming habits, ability to tolerate a wide range of salinities, parthenogenetic mode of reproduction and ability to get enriched easily, make rotifers an ideal live feed organism. The major factors such as temperature, salinity and food that influence the reproductive potential and thereby the population size of rotifer, Salinity is one of the most important aspect influencing the reproductive rate of rotifers. The feed type and feed concentration play a vital role in influencing the reproductive rate of rotifers. For culture of rotifers, the commonly used micro algae belong to Chlorella, Nannochloropsis, Isochrysis and Tetraselmis. While some studies have suggested that, algal diet has little effect on reproductive rates in 1979 while using the rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis as feed for the larvae of red sea bream, Pagrus major. It is generally accepted that rotifers play a pivotal role in the successful rearing of marine fish larvae.
saji, P.K; Prof. (Dr.) A. N. Balchand(Cochin University of Science and Technology, November 5, 2015)
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Abstract:
The recurrent warming of oceans is an important process in
maintaining the climate of earth. Ocean temperature is an important climatic
indicator among others such as atmospheric humidity, tropospheric
temperature, sea level, ocean heat content, temperature over land, sea ice
etc. The oceans absorb large amounts of heat and Carbon dioxide, thereby
reducing the impact of global warming. The important point here is the
carrying capacity of the oceans and its future behavioral patterns to the
present warming trend.Warm pools represent upper ocean temperatures and act as an index
for climate change. Its temporal and spatial variations can have crucial
impacts on climate change. This study focuses on the warming of the Indian
Ocean with an emphasis on the warm pool (IOWP) with the following
objectives:
1. A detailed study on the annual characteristics of IOWP
2. Understand ENSO-induced variability on IOWP
3. Deduce the long term trend SST and IOWP in response to global
warming and
4. Model SST using 1-Dimensional Mixed Layer Model.
Santhosh,S; Mathew,P T(Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, 2006)
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Abstract:
The present study examined the antiulcer effect of glucosamine on mucosal antioxidant defense system in ibuprofen-induced peptic ulcer in male albino rats. The results of the present study indicate that the pre-oral administration of chitosan and glucosamine maintain near to the normal status the activities of the mucosal antioxidant enzymes and the level of GSH (Glutathione), which protect mucosa against oxidative damage by decreasing the lipid peroxidation and strengthening the mucosal barrier, and which are the first line of defense against exogenous ulcerogenic agents. In this study indicate that the oral pre-treatment of chitosan and glucosamine can prevent ibuprofen-induced peptic ulcer in rats.This study can be concluded that co-administration of chitsosan and glucosamine can effectively prevent the isonized and rifampicin induced hepatotoxicity in rats.Comparatively, chitosan was found to have better results than glucosamine in alleviating the hepatic disorders.
Unnikrishnan Nair, N; Balakrishnan Nair,N(Cochin University of Science and Technology, July 10, 1984)
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Abstract:
A detailed study of the hydrography of the Cochin Backwaters, the habitat off crassostrea madrasensis has been carried out. Data pertaining to air temperature, water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity and rainfall have been collected and presented. The temperature fluctuation was in the range of 5°C only and that of salinity between 1.1%o and 32.9%o. Fairly steady salinity has been recorded during the pre-monsoon period (February to May) and drastic declension during the monsoon period (June-September).Dissolved oxygen varied between 2.5 ml/l and 6.5 ml/l. Turbidity was highest in June (27.9 p.p.m.) and minimum (10.2 p.p.m.) in February. A detailed study on marine biofouling in the Cochin Backwaters has been made with special reference to primary film, settlement and growth of the fouling organisms such as hydroids, bryozoans, tube-dwelling polychaetes, barnacles and modiolus
Bright Singh, I S; Dr.Lakshmanaperumalsamy, P; Dr.Chandramohan, D(Cochin University of Science and Technology, October , 1986)
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Abstract:
Ocean persists as a rich and renewable source of cheap protein for the whole world. Among the prawns/shrimps landed from the Indian Ocean and her backwaters, more than 90% are exported to affluent countries. The Indian white prawn Penaeus indicus, constitutes the major portion of the frozen shrimps exported from India every year. The present study is aimed at gathering information on the total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) associated with B. indicus, with special reference to eggs, nauplii, zoeae, mysis, and post larvae in hatchery, and juveniles and adults in culture pond. Simultaneously, IHB associated with E. indicus in its natural habitat also is studied for comparison. It is envisaged that this information will be highly useful for modifying the existing hatchery and pond management-practices.
Description:
School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology
Damodaran,R; Dr.Kurian, V C(Cochin University of Science and Technology, September , 1972)
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Abstract:
There is very little information on the subtidal bottom fauna of the shelf regions in the seas around India. What little is known is restricted to macro benthos. The paucity of the work on bottom fauna and the importance of mud banks in the fishery of the South West Coast of India has initiated the present study. Attempts have been made to obtain a picture of the bottom fauna of a mud bank region of the Kerala Coast. The difficulties involved in the sampling and analysis, especially the availability of a suitable vessel during the S.W. Monsoon, resulted in the work being restricted mainly to the Narakal mud bank region 6 Km. north of Cochin Detailed sampling is conducted using grab, dredge and to a small extent beam trawl, to assess the qualitative and quantitative nature of the macro benthos. Important species contributing to the fauna are identified and the standing crop estimated for different seasons. The meiobenthos was studied using core samples taken from the grab. Animals were identified to the major taxa. Standing crop of meiobenthos and the quantitative importance of different groups were also studied. The data collected have been interpreted and discussed. As an understanding of the physico-chemical aspects of the environment is essential in order to obtain a true picture of the benthos, attempts were made in this direction. Environmental parameters such as temperature of the sediment, salinity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen in the overlying water were studied .during the period of benthos investigation. Monthly observations on the dissolved inorganic and organic phosphorus in the area of investigation have been made. The physico-chemical nature of the sediment was also studied. Influence of these ecological variables on the bottom fauna is discussed.
Description:
Department of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology
Renuka Devi, R; Dr.Arumughan, C; Dr. Jayalekshmy, A(Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR), April , 2005)
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Abstract:
Antioxidants are substances that when present at low concentrations
compared to that of an oxidisable substrate significantly delays or inhibits
oxidation of that substrate in food products or in living systems. Antioxidants
are either endogenous to the body or derived from the diet. Several types of
synthetic antioxidants like BHT, BHA, TBHQ etc. are also used in the food
industry. However, findings and subsequent publicity has fostered significant
consumer resistance to the use of synthetic food additives as antioxidants,
colourants etc. and therefore food industry is in search of potential natural
antioxidants from edible sources.The major dietary sources of antioxidant phytochemicals are cereals,
legumes, fruits, vegetables, oilseeds, beverages, spices and herbs. In the present
study, we have focused on rice bran and its byproducts. Rice is one of the
oldest of food crops and has been a staple food in India from very ancient
times. It is also the staple food for about 60% of the world's population. Rice
bran is a byproduct of the rice milling industry and is a potential commercial
source of a healthy edible oil viz. rice bran oil and a variety of bio-active
phytochemicals.Defatted rice bran (DRB), a byproduct of rice bran oil extraction, is also
a good source of insoluble dietary fiber, protein, phytic acid, inosito I, vitamin B
and a variety of other phytochemicals. Though the antioxidant potential of
DRB has been demonstrated, it still remained a relatively unexplored source
material, which demanded further investigation especially with regard to its
detailed phytochemical profile leading to practical application. The focus of the
present investigation therefore has been on DRB primarily to establish its
phytochemical status and feasibility of using it as a source of bio-active
phytochemicals and natural antioxidants leading to value addition of DRB
otherwise used as cattle feed. To gain a better understanding of the value of
rice bran as a source of phytochemicals, five popular rice varieties of the
region viz. PTB 50, PTB 39, PTB 38, JA Y A, and MO 10 and a wild variety
(oryza nivara) that is mainly used for medicinal applications in traditional
ayurvedic system were characterized along with commercial samples of rice
bran. The present study also explains the feasibility of a process for the
extraction, enrichment, and isolation of antioxidant compounds from DRB.
The antioxidant potential of the extracts were evaluated both in bulk oils and in food relevant model emulsions, using standard in vitro models. Radical
scavenging effects, indicative of possible biological effects, were also
evaluated.
Philip, K P; Dr. Kuruvila, Mathew(Cochin University Of Science And Technology, September , 1994)
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Abstract:
Preliminary investigations revealed that 3. hamrur is the predominant
species along the east and west coasts of India while other species are
sparsely distributed and occur sporadically. In the present investigation,
aspects such as population parameters, breeding and feeding biology, fishery
etc. of _l:. hamrur of the north east coast of India (Fig.1) are dealt with.
Studies on the distribution, abundance and stock size of priacanthids
all along the Indian waters were undertaken. Taxonomic studies of the
priacanthid species encountered during the study from the Indian waters
is also attempted
Description:
Department of Industrial Fisheries, Cochin University of Science and
Technology
Baskar, B K; Dr.James, P S B R(Cochin University of Science and Technology, June , 1991)
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Abstract:
The distribution of the holothurian H. KH.) scabra indicated its availability all along coastal areas on
Palk Bay from Rameswavam to Mallipattinam and along the Gulf of Hannah coast from Pamban to Ervadi and Tuticmhin,'at 4~2O m depth.The major fishing for holmthurians was done by skin diving at all the centres. The tallu valai was operated at Tuticorin and Vedalai and trawlevs were operated at Rameswaram.The fmod of H. KN.) scabra consists of ovganic matter which contains mud, sand, shell debris, bivalves and algae. Obsehvatinns indicated the species seems to be a n0n—se1ective feeder.
The assimilation efficiency from sediment to faeces indicated that the faecal pellets of H. KH.) scabra are semidigested.A multiple relationship was fitted between total length, total weight, gutted weight, gonad weight and maturity stages were found significant.The fishing season for holothurians commences from October to March along Gulf of Manner coast and from March to October along Palk Bay coast.The percentage of catches recorded by skin diving, trawlere and tallu valai were 80.04%, 10.27% and 9.69% respectively. Skin diving contributes to maximum catch.The holothurians landed all along the Gulf of Manner and Palk Bay coasts constitute 25.6% and 74.4% respectively. This showed that Palk Bay coast is more productive.
Description:
Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi
John Chembian, A; Dr.Saleena, Mathew(Cochin University Of Science And Technology, January 8, 2013)
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Abstract:
With the stabilization of world finfish catches in general, and the
depletion of a number of fish stocks that used to support industrial-scale fisheries,
increasing attention is now being paid, to the so-called unconventional marine
resources, which include many species of cephalopods. One of such important
cephalopod resource is the tropical Indo-Pacific pelagic oceanic squid
Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis. It is the most abundant large sized squid in the Indo-
Pacific region with an estimated biomass of 8-11 metric tons. However, its
distribution, biology, life cycle and nutrient value in the south west coast of India
are still poorly known. So any new information of this species in the waters off
the south west coast of India has important scientific significance for effective
and rational utilization of this Oceanic fishery resources, especially during the
time of depletion of shallow water resources. In view of that this study
investigated different aspects of the Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis, such as
morphometry, growth, mortality, maturation, spawning, food, feeding and
biochemical composition in the south west coast of India to understand its
possible prospective importance for commercial fishing and management of its
fishery
Description:
School of Industrial Fisheries
Cochin University of Science and Technology
Clara, Margret Katticaran; Dr.Mohammed Salih,K Y(Cochin University Of Science And Technology, December , 1988)
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Abstract:
Enhancement and culture of bivalves presents an opportunity
to maximise and even increase production of many growing areas. Clam
culture is less intensive both for capital and labour, involves simple farming
and management techniques and is considered an efficient means of protein
production. Clams are efficient converters of primary production and
growth rate is fast with maximum production in 5-6 months. with culture,
production is less influenced by poor recruitment. Stable production
facilitates market development. Rivalves are being increasingly used
in bio-medical research. Culture practices would ensure uninterrupted
supplies of experimental material. Paucity of biological data restricts the development of efficient management and culture techniques of bivalves. This study was undertaken with a view to provide information on some aspects of biology of the bivalve S_. scripta which have hitherto been uninvestigated.
Description:
School of Marine Sciences,
Cochin University of Science and Technology