Chandrasekaran, M; Manjusha, S; Sarita,G Bhat; Elyas, K K(Science Publications, 2005)
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Abstract:
An experiment was designed to assess the occurrence of multiple antibiotic resistances in
Vibrio sp from different (brackish and marine) environments. Water samples from nine marine landing
sites and two coastal inland aquaculture farms were screened for the Vibrio spp and assessed their
resistance to twenty-two different antibiotics, which are commonly encountered in the aquatic
ecosystem. Tissue samples (shrimp, mussel and sepia) were tested from the sampling site with highest
antibiotic resistance. Of the total 119 Vibrio isolates, 16. 8% were susceptible to all antibiotics. Of the
resistant (83.19%) Vibrio strains, 30.3% were resistant against three antibiotics, 55.5% were resistant
against 4-10 antibiotics, 14.14% were resistant against more than 10 antibiotics and 54% have shown
multiple antibiotics resistance (MAR). Antibiotic resistance index was higher in Coastal 3, 6, Aqua
farm 2 in isolates from water samples and all the tissues tested. Interestingly, incidence of antibiotic
resistance in isolates from water samples was comparatively lower in aquaculture farms than that
observed in coastal areas. Highest incidence of antibiotic resistance was evident against Amoxycillin,
Ampicillin, Carbencillin and Cefuroxime followed by Rifampicin and Streptomycin and lowest against
Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline, Chlortetracycline, Furazolidone, Nalidixic acid, Gentamycin
Sulphafurazole, Trimethoprirn, Neomycin and Amikacin irrespective of the sampling sites. Results
from various tissue samples collected from the sites of highest antibiotic resistance indicated that
antibiotic resistance Vibrio spp collected from fish and tissue samples were higher than that of water
samples. Overall results indicated that persistent use of antibiotics against diseases in human beings
and other life forms may pollute the aquatic system and their impact on developing antibiotic resistant
Vibrio sp may be a serious threat in addition to the use of antibiotics in aquaculture farms.
Description:
American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology 1 (4): 201-206, 2005
Knoevenagel condensation between carbonyl compounds and active methylene compounds as well as three component Mannich reaction between aldehydes, ketones and amines proceeded smoothly in water with good to excellent yield and high selectivity in the presence of zero and first generation poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers. The products and the catalyst were separated by simple biphasic extraction. The catalyst was found to be reusable.
Sugunan, S; Benny, Thomas(Indian Journal of Chemistry, July , 1993)
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Abstract:
The Setschenow parameter and thermodynamic parameters of transfer of a number of monosubstituted
benzoic acids from water to different salt solutions have been reported. The data have been rationalized by
considering the structure breaking effects of the ions of the salts, the localised hydrolysis model, the internal
pressure theory and Symons' theory of water structure.