An experiment was designed to assess the occurrence of multiple antibiotic resistances in
Vibrio sp from different (brackish and marine) environments. Water samples front nine marine landing
sites and two coastal inland aquaculture farms were screened for the Vibrio spp and assessed their
resistance to twenty-two different antibiotics, which arc commonly encountered in the aquatic
ecosystem. Tissue samples (shrimp, mussel and sepia) were tested from the sampling site with highest
antibiotic resistance. Of' the total 119 Vibrio isolates, 16. 8% were susceptible to all antibiotics. Of the
resistant (83.19%) Vibrio strains, 30.3% were resistant against three antibiotics, 55.5% were resistant
against 4-10 antibiotics, 14.14% were resistant against more than 10 antibiotics and 54% have shown
multiple antibiotics resistance (MAR). Antibiotic resistance index was higher in Coastal 3, 6, Aqua
farm 2 in isolates from water samples and all the tissues tested. Interestingly, incidence of antibiotic
resistance in isolates from water samples was comparatively lower in aquaculture farms than that
observed in coastal areas. Highest incidence of antibiotic resistance was evident against Amoxycillin,
Ampicillin, Carbencillin and Cefuroxime followed by Rilanipicin and Streptomycin and lowest against
Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline, Chlortetracycline, Furazolidone, Nalidixic acid, Gentamycin
Sulphafurazole, Trimcthoprinr, Neomycin and Amikacin irrespective of the sampling sites. Results
from various tissue samples collected from the sites of highest antibiotic resistance indicated that
antibiotic resistance Vibrio spp collected from fish and tissue samples were higher than that of water
samples. Overall results indicated that persistent use of antibiotics against diseases in human beings
and other life forms may pollute the aquatic system and their impact on developing antibiotic resistant
Vibrio sp may be a serious threat in addition to the use of antibiotics in aquaculture farms.
Jose, Rodriguez Victor; Jose, Molina Garcia Maria; Leandra, Juan Liacer(Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, February 20, 2004)
[+]
[-]
Abstract:
This work presents an explicit formulation for multiple-
edge diffraction for mobile radiowave propagation in terms of
uniform theory of diffraction (UTD) coefficients when a spherical
incident wave is considered. This solution can be used in an UTD
context and sharply reduces the computing time over existing formulation.
Results can be applied in the planning of microcellular systems
Zheng,Qinhong; Xie,Fuyao; Liang,Li; Wang,Ruili; Ou,Jiaming(Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, June 20, 2000)
[+]
[-]
Abstract:
A new approach, the multipole theory (MT) method, is
presented for the computation of cutoff wavenumbers of waveguides
partially filled with dielectric. The MT formulation of the eigenvalue
problem of an inhomogeneous waveguide is derived. Representative
computational examples, including dielectric-rod-loaded rectangular and
double-ridged waveguides, are given to validate the theory, and to
demonstrate the degree of its efficiency
Bindu M, Krishna; Manu P, John; Nandakumaran, V M(Elsevier, April , 2010)
[+]
[-]
Abstract:
Isochronal synchronisation between the elements of an array of three mutually coupled directly modulated semiconductor lasers is utilized for the purpose of simultaneous bidirectional secure communication. Chaotic synchronisation is achieved by adding the coupling signal to the self feedback signal provided to each element of the array. A symmetric coupling is effective in inducing synchronisation between the elements of the array. This coupling scheme provides a direct link between every pair of elements thus making the method suitable for simultaneous bidirectional communication between them. Both analog and digital messages are successfully encrypted and decrypted simultaneously by each element of the array.
Renuka, T R; Paulose,C S(DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, June , 2003)
[+]
[-]
Abstract:
The present work is an attempt to understand the role of acetylcholine
muscarinic M1 and M3 receptors during pancreatic regeneration and insulin
secretion. The work focuses on the changes in the muscarinic M1 and M3 receptors
in brain and pancreas during pancreatic regeneration. The effect of these receptor
subtypes on insulin secretion and pancreatic P-cell proliferation were studied in vitro
using rat primary pancreatic islet culture. Muscarinic Ml and M3 receptor kinetics
and gene expression studies during pancreatic regeneration and insulin secretion will
help to elucidate the role of acetylcholine functional regulation of pancreatic u-cell
proliferation and insulin secretion.The cholinergic system through muscarinic M1
and M3 receptors play an important role in the regulation of pancreatic (3-cell
proliferation and insulin secretion . Cholinergic activity as indicated by acetylcholine
esterase, a marker for cholinergic system, decreased in the brain regions -
hypothalamus, brain stem, corpus striatum, cerebral cortex and cerebellum during
pancreatic regeneration. Pancreatic muscarinic M1 and M3 receptor activity increased during proliferation indicating that both receptors are stimulatory to (3-cell division. Acetylcholine dose dependently increase EGF induced DNA synthesis in pancreatic islets in vitro, which is inhibited by muscarinic antagonist atropine confirming the role of muscarinic receptors. Muscarinic M1 and M3 receptor antagonists also block acetycholine induced DNA synthesis suggesting the importance of these receptors in regeneration. Acetylcholine also stimulated glucose induced insulin secretion in vitro which is inhibited by muscarinic M1 and M3 receptor antagonists. The muscarinic receptors activity and their functional balance in the brain and pancreas exert a profound influence in the insulin secretion and also regeneration of pancreas
Savitha, Balakrishnan; Dr. Paulose, C S(Cochin University of Science and Technology, January , 2008)
[+]
[-]
Abstract:
The present study describes that acetylcholine through muscarinic Ml and
M3 receptors play an important role in the brain function during diabetes as a function
of age. Cholinergic activity as indicated by acetylcholine esterase, a marker for
cholinergic function, decreased in the brain regions - the cerebral cortex, brainstem
and corpus striatum of old rats compared to young rats. in diabetic condition, it was
increased in both young and old rats in cerebral cortex, and corpus striatum while in
brainstem it was decreased. The functional changes in the muscarinic receptors were
studied in the brain regions and it showed that muscarinic M I receptors of old rats
were down regulated in cerebral cortex while in corpus striatum and brainstem it was
up regulated. Muscarinic M3 receptors of old rats showed no significant change in
cerebral cortex while in corpus striatum and brainstem muscarinic receptors were
down regulated. During diabetes, muscarinic M I receptors were down regulated in
cerebral cortex and brainstem of young rats while in corpus striatum they were up
regulated. In old rats, M I receptors were up regulated in cerebral cortex, corpus
striatum and in brainstem they were down regulated. Muscarinic M3 receptors were
up regulated in cerebral cortex and brainstem of young rats while in corpus striatum
they were down regulated. In old rats, muscarinic M l receptors were up regulated in
cerebral cortex, corpus striatum and brainstem. In insulin treated diabetic rats the
activity of the receptors were reversed to near control. Pancreatic muscarinic M3
receptor activity increased in the pancreas of both young and old rats during diabetes.
In vitro studies using carbachol and antagonists for muscarinic Ml and M3 receptor
subtypes confirmed the specific receptor mediated neurotransmitter changes during
diabetes. Calcium imaging studies revealed muscarinic M I mediated Ca2
+ release
from the pancreatic islet cells of young and old rats. Electrophysiological studies
using EEG recording in young and old rats showed a brain activity difference during diabetes. Long term low dose STH and INS treated rat brain tissues were used for
gene expression of muscarinic Ml, M3, glutamate NMDARl, mGlu-5,alpha2A, beta2,
GABAAa1 and GABAB, DAD2 and 5-HT 2C receptors to observe the neurotransmitter
receptor functional interrelationship for integrating memory, cognition and
rejuvenating brain functions in young and old. Studies on neurotransmitter receptor
interaction pathways and gene expression regulation by second messengers like IP3
and cGMP in turn will lead to the development of therapeutic agents to manage
diabetes and brain activity.From this study it is suggested that functional improvement of
muscarinic Ml, M3, glutamate NMDAR1, mGlu-5, alpha2A, beta2, GABAAa1 and GABAB,
DAD2 and 5-HT 2C receptors mediated through IP3 and cGMP will lead to therapeutic
applications in the management of diabetes. Also, our results from long term low dose
STH and INS treatment showed rejuvenation of the brain function which has clinical
significance in maintaining healthy period of life as a function of age.
Description:
Department of Biotechnology,
Cochin University of Science and Technology
Sherin, Antony; Dr. Paulose, C S(Cochin University of Science & Technology, May , 2010)
[+]
[-]
Abstract:
In the present study, a detailed investigation on the alterations of
muscarinic M1, M3, α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAchR), GABA
receptors and its subtypes; GABAAα1 and GABAB in the brain regions of
streptozotocin induced diabetic and insulin induced hypoglycemic rats were
carried out. Gene expression of acetylcholine esterase (AChE), choline
acetyltransferase (ChAT), GAD, GLUT3, Insulin receptor, superoxide dismutase
(SOD), Bax protein, Phospholipase C and CREB in hypoglycemic and
hyperglycemic rat brain were studied. Muscarinic M1, M3 receptors, AChE,
ChAT, GABAAα1, GABAB, GAD, Insulin receptor, SOD, Bax protein and
Phospholipase C expression in pancreas was also carried out. The molecular
studies on the CNS and PNS damage will elucidate the therapeutic role in the
corrective measures of the damage to the brain during hypoglycemia and
hyperglycemia.
Description:
Department of Biotechnology,Cochin University of Science and Technology
Gireesh,G; Dr. Paulose, C S(Cochin University of Science & Technology, January , 2007)
[+]
[-]
Abstract:
The present work is to understand the alterations of total Muscarinic and
Muscarinic MI receptors in brain and pancreatic islets of Streptozotocin induced
diabetic rats. The work focuses on the evaluation of the antihyperglycemic activity
of aqueous extracts of Aegle marmelose and Costus pictus leaves in vivo and the
changes in the total Muscarinic and Muscarinic MI receptors during diabetes and
after the treatment with insulin. The insulin secretory activity of Aegle marmelose
and Costus pictus leaf extracts and the effect of cholinergic receptor agonist were
investigated in vitro using rat primary pancreatic islet culture. Muscarinic MI
receptor kinetics and gene expression during diabetes and regulation of insulin
secretion by Aegle marmelose and Costus pie/us leaf extracts will help us to
elucidate the role of Muscarinic and Muscarinic MI receptors in hyperglycemia
and the regulatory activity of these plant extracts on insulin secretion through
Muscarinic receptors.
Description:
Department of
Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology
Reas Khan, S; Dr. Paulose, C S(Cochin University of Science and Technology, April , 2007)
[+]
[-]
Abstract:
The present work is to understand the alterations of total muscarinic.
muscarinic MI and glutamate receptors in the brain regions of pilocarpine induced
epileptic rats. The work focuses on the evaluation of the anti epileptic activity of
extracts of Bacopa monnieri, Bacoside A and Carbamazepine in vivo. The
molecular changes in the muscarinic M I receptors in the pre- and post-treated
epileptic model with Bacopa monnieri, Bacoside A and Carbamazepine were also
studied. These studies will help us to elucidate the functional role of muscarinic
and glutamate receptors in epilepsy.
Description:
Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of
Science and Technology
Prathapachandra Kurup, M R; Jessy, Emmanuel; Sithambaresan, M(November 3, 2011)
[+]
[-]
Abstract:
The title compound, C11H9N3O2, exists in the E conformation
with respect to the azomethane C N bond, and has the keto
form. There are two independent molecules in the asymmetric
unit and each of these features a slight slanting of the pyridine
and furan rings, which form a dihedral angle of 14.96 (10) in
one of the molecules and 5.53 (10) in the other. The crystal
structure is stabilized by N—H O and N—H N hydrogen
bonds, weak C—H O and C—H N hydrogen bonds and
C—H interactions and – interactions [shortest
centroid–centroid distance = 3.7864 (15) A ° ].
Vineetha K.A; Dr. Ajitha, K(Cochin University of Science and Technology, November 6, 2015)
[+]
[-]
Abstract:
िशक्षा एवं जागरण के फलस्वरूप आधुिनक समाज म नारी िविभ क्षेतर्ो म
उपलिब्धयाँ हािसल करने लगी है| वह हर क्षेतर् म पुरुष के साथ कंधे से कन्धा िमलाकर
आगे बढ़ने की कोिशश कर रही है| पर िपतृसा भी हर युग म अपना वचर्स्व बनाये
रखने की कोिशश करती आ रही है| वह ी को हमेशा दूसरे दज के नागिरक के रूप म
मानती है| वह नारी की गित पर रोक लगाने का पर्यास करती रहती है क्यिक उसके
स्वाथ की पूित के िलए यह अिनवायर् है| आज़ादी के इतने वषर् बीतने पर भी नारी की
िस्थित म अनेकानेक िवडंबनाय िदखाई पड रही ह| भूमंडलीकरण भी उसे यौन िसबंल
के रूप म पिरवितत कर रहा है|
Aneeshkumar, B; Pramod, Gopinath; Jayan,Thomas; Vallabhan, C P G; Nampoori, V P N; Radhakrishnan, P(Elsevier, June , 2004)
[+]
[-]
Abstract:
The nanosecond optical limiting characteristics of sandwich-type neodymium diphthalocyanine in a co-polymer matrix of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and methyl-2-cyanoacrylate have been studied for the first time. The measurements were performed using 9 ns laser pulses generated from a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm wavelength. The optical limiting performance of neodymium diphthalocyanine in co-polymer host was studied at different linear transmission. Laser damage threshold was also measured for the doped and undoped co-polymer samples. The optical limiting response is attributed to reverse saturable absorption which is due to excited-state absorption.
Ramakrishnan, R; Dr. Manoj Raama Varma; Dr. J. D. Sudha(Cochin University of Science and Technology, July 25, 2014)
[+]
[-]
Abstract:
Recent developments on nanostructured conducting polymer-inorganic
composites systems have receieved considerable research interest owing to their
unique synergestic properties compared with their individual bulk counter parts
which make them promising candidates for a broad spectrum of high technological
applications such as in energy conversion, electronic devices, storage, sensors,
actuators, memory devices, and biomedical devices. Nanostructured conducting
polymers possess unique features such as high specific surface area, high charge
carrier concentration, high electrical conductivity, high mechanical flexibility, light
weight, solution processability and printability over a large area which make them
favourable for their high tech applications. Among the conducting polymers,
polyanilline, poly(3,4-ethylene dioxy thiophene), poly(N-vinylcarbzole) are
receiving much importance due to their low cost, environmental stability and
unique doping mechanism. Conversely, semiconducting inorganic metal oxide such
as zinc oxide and titania nanomaterials have emerged as an area of intense research
interest motivated by their potential applications in electronics, non-linear optics,
and magnetic devices due to their low band gap, small crystalline size and unique
opto-electronic properties. In this perspective, studies on the development and
applications of semiconducting polymer-inorganic metal oxide nanocomposite are
interesting since it is expected to exhibit synergistic properties arising from the
molecular level mixing of conducting polymer and inorganic counter parts.