Mathew, K T; Robin, Augustine; Ullas, Kalappura G(Wiley InterScience, November , 2008)
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Abstract:
Hydroxyapatite (HAp, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) bioceramic and
chitosan (poly [( -1-4) D-glucosamine]) biopolymer show good biocompatibility
in vivo. They have biological origin and show excellent interactions
with microwave. Microwave study of HAp made using different
drying techniques and their composites with chitosan in the ISM band is
presented. Pastes are made using HAp and chitosan with different ratios
of mixing. The dielectric properties of this composites match with that of
human fat, collagen tissues. Some of the compositions exhibit dielectric
property close to that of natural bone. This makes them more
biocompatible and better substitutes for natural bone. Thus composite
bioceramics can be considered as phantom model constituents for
imaging purposes. Their dielectric properties prove that they are
biocompatible.
Chandrasekaran, M; Raghul, Subin Sasidharan; Sarita,G Bhat(Springer, March 17, 2014)
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Abstract:
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is known to have applications
as medical implants and drug delivery carriers and
is consequently in high demand. In the present study the
possibilities of harnessing potential PHB-producing vibrios
from marine sediments as a new source of PHB was investigated
since marine environments are underexplored. Screening
of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-producing vibrios from
marine sediments was performed using a fluorescent plate
assay followed by spectrophotometric analysis of liquid cultures.
Out of 828 isolates, Vibrio sp. BTKB33 showed maximum
PHA production of 0.21 g/L and PHA content of
193.33 mg/g of CDW. The strain was identified as Vibrio
azureus based on phenotypic characterization and partial
16S rDNA sequence analysis. The strain also produced several
industrial enzymes: amylase, caseinase, lipase, gelatinase,
and DNase. The FTIR analysis of extracted PHA and its
comparison with standard PHB indicated that the accumulated
PHA is PHB. Bioprocess development studies for enhancing
PHA production were carried out under submerged fermentation
conditions. Optimal submerged fermentation conditions
for enhanced intracellular accumulation of PHA production
were found to be 35 °C, pH −7, 1.5 % NaCl concentration,
agitation at 120 rpm, 12 h of inoculum age, 2.5 % initial
inoculum concentration, and 36 h incubation along with supplementation
of magnesium sulphate, glucose, and ammonium
chloride. The PHA production after optimization was
found to be increased to 0.48 g/L and PHA content to426.88 mg/g of CDW, indicating a 2.28-fold increase in
production. Results indicated that V. azureus BTKB33 has
potential for industrial production of PHB.
Sarita,G Bhat; Zeena, Hamza P; Anna Dilfi, K F; Thomas, Kurian(Taylor & Francis, November 24, 2008)
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Abstract:
Low-density polyethylene, (LDPE) was mixed with two grades of tapioca starch–lowgrade
and high-grade. Various compositions were prepared and mechanical and
thermal studies performed. The biodegradability of these samples was checked
using a culture medium containing Vibrios (an amylase-producing bacteria), which
was isolated from a marine benthic environment. The soil burial test and reprocessability
of these samples were checked. The studies on biodegradability show that
these blends are partially biodegradable. These low-density polyethylene-starch
blends are reprocessable without sacrificing much of their mechanical properties
Description:
International Journal of Polymeric Materials, 58:257–266, 2009
Imelda, Joseph; Dr.Chandrika, V(Cochin University of Science and Technology, 2000)
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Abstract:
The purpose of this study is to determine the ability of specifically adapted bacteria to degrade phenol and to quantify the rate of biodegradation at. Different concentrations by mixed as well as individual isolates. Regular quantitative analysis of phenolics and aerobic phenololytic heterotrophs from five different ecosystems were done during 1990-1991, and the ability of microorganisms isolated from those areas, to utilize phenol, o-cresol and orcinol was also studied. In addition, data on environmental parameters like temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, pH, organic carbon and nutrients were also collected during the period of study The present study is one of its first kind in natural aquatic environment and has aimed to bring out some idea about the potential phenol biodegrades in such environments where the phenol concentration is beyond permitted level.
Phenol is an aromatic hydrocarbon which exists as a colorless or
white solid in its pure state. Over the past several decades, there is
growing concern about wide spread contamination of surface and
ground water by phenol, due to rapid development of chemical and
petrochemical industries. Phenol affects aquatic life even at relatively
low concentration (5-25mg/L). Treatment for removal of phenol
includes chemical as well as biological processes. Studies show that
ligninases such as Lignin Peroxidase and Laccase, produced by
Pleurotus sp., can degrade phenol. Spent substrate of Pleurotus
mushrooms consists of ligninases. Present work was to investigate the
potential of spent substrate of edible mushroom P. ostreatus for
biodegradation of phenol. P. ostreatus was cultivated on paddy straw.
After harvest, spent substrate was utilized for phenol degradation.
According to the enzyme profile of two ligninases present in the spent
substrate of P. ostreatus, maximum specific activity for Laccase was observed in 35 day old
spent substrate and LiP activity was maximum in 56 day old spent substrate, which together
contributed significantly for removal of phenol. Spent substrate of 35th and 56th day were
each incubated with phenol sample (1:1w/v) for one day, which resulted in degradation of
phenol by 48% and 45% respectively. From these results it appears that, spent substrate of P.
ostreatus can be used effectively to remove phenol from industrial effluents
Description:
World Journal Of Pharmacy And Pharmaceutical Sciences,Volume 1, Issue 2, 656-661.
Prasad, G; Dr.Alagaraja, K(Cochin University of Science and Technology, January , 1995)
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Abstract:
Penaeid shrimps are, perhaps, the most important fishery resource
of the coastal waters of our country. Their exceptionally tasty.
protein-rich flesh tops any seafood in foreign exchange earnings. No
wonder, the demand of shrimp, the "Pinkish Gold of the Sea" (MPEDA.
1992). is increasing in the world market. The study of the growth of an organism is important in understanding the conditions under which optimum growth occurs. It is also important in getting an insight into the various factors that influence growth. Studies on the growth pattern of commercially important species of shrimp and of the factors that influence their growth rate are essential for the successful cultivation of shrimps.
Chandrasekaran, M; Murugan, K; Usha, M; Malathi, P; Saleh Al-Sohaibani, A(October 1, 2010)
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Abstract:
Biofilm forming multidrug resistant Staphylococcus spp. are major reservoirs for transmission of ophthalmic infections. They were
isolated from ocular patients suffering from conjunctivitis. In this study we analyzed biofilm forming ability, antibiotic resistance profile
of the Staphylococcus spp. isolated from clinical ocular patients, and their phylogenetic relationship with other community MRSA. Sixty
Staphylococcus spp. strains isolated from clinical subjects were evaluated for their ability to form biofilm and express biofilm encoding ica
gene. Among them 93% were slime producers and 87% were slime positive. Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis were dominant
strains among the isolates obtained from ocular patients. The strains also exhibited a differential biofilm formation quantitatively. Antibiotic
susceptibility of the strains tested with Penicillin G, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Methicillin, Amikacin, and Gentamicin indicated that
they were resistant to more than one antibiotic. The amplicon of ica gene of strong biofilm producing S. aureus strains, obtained
by polymerase chain reaction, was sequenced and their close genetic relationship with community acquired MRSA was analyzed based on
phylogenetic tree. Our results indicate that they are genetically close to other community acquired MRSA
Description:
Polish Journal of Microbiology
2010, Vol. 59, No 4, 233 239
Sediments are the reserve of environmental variation and analysis gives the diverse nature of
the environmental chemical pattern. Present attempt provides an insight on the
biogeochemistry (BGC) of sediment in selected stations of Kerala coast, India. Sampling
along the Kerala coast was done during May – June 2009 in cruise no: 267 of Fishery and
Oceanographic Research Vessel, Sagar Sampada. Eleven samples were collected from four
stations - Cape, Trivandrum, Kollam and Cochin. Study of organic matter (OM) is significant
as it exerts a strong control on the diagenic alterations in the sediment. Samples were
analyzed for their Texture; OM- Protein, Carbohydrate, Tannin and lignin, Lipid; Trace
metal; Total phosphorus and CHN. Among the eleven analyzed sediment, sample from
Cochin station has high clay (>30%) and silt (>40%) content. The rest of the stations showed
elevated amount of sand content. Generally the investigation reveals an inverse relation
between lipid with other OM- Protein, Carbohydrate, Tannin and lignin. The order of relative
distribution of OM were Protein > Carbohydrate > Tannin and Lignin > Lipid. High
concentration of trace metal, Fe was found at Kollam and Cochin. Trace metal concentration
was directly related to OM distribution. But C/N and Fe/P ratios were inversely related to OM
and trace metal.
Description:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Volume 3, No 1, 2012
Bright Singh, I S; Rosamma, Philip; Neil, Scholastin Correya; Jimly, C Jacob; Ramya, K D(Pelagia Research Library, May 1, 2013)
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Abstract:
The composition and variability of heterotrophic bacteria along the shelf sediments of south west coast of India and
its relationship with the sediment biogeochemistry was investigated. The bacterial abundance ranged from 1.12 x
103 – 1.88 x 106 CFU g-1 dry wt. of sediment. The population showed significant positive correlation with silt (r =
0.529, p< 0.05), organic carbon (OC) (r = 0.679, p< 0.05), total nitrogen (TN) (r = 0.638, p< 0.05), total protein
(TPRT) (r = 0.615, p< 0.05) and total carbohydrate (TCHO) (r = 0.675, p< 0.05) and significant negative
correlation with sand (r = -0.488, p< 0.05). Community was mainly composed of Bacillus, Alteromonas, Vibrio,
Coryneforms, Micrococcus, Planococcus, Staphylococcus, Moraxella, Alcaligenes, Enterobacteriaceae,
Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Flavobacterium and Aeromonas. BIOENV analysis explained the best possible
environmental parameters i.e., carbohydrate, total nitrogen, temperature, pH and sand at 50m depth and organic
matter, BPC, protein, lipid and temperature at 200m depth controlling the distribution pattern of heterotrophic
bacterial population in shelf sediments. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the environmental variables
showed that the first and second principal component accounted for 65% and 30.6% of the data variance
respectively. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) revealed a strong correspondence between bacterial
distribution and environmental variables in the study area. Moreover, non-metric MDS (Multidimensional Scaling)
analysis demarcated the northern and southern latitudes of the study area based on the bioavailable organic matter
Description:
Advances in Applied Science Research, 2013, 4(3):315-328
Rejo,Mon George; K K C Nair(NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY, November , 2005)
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Abstract:
The present study has been initiated to unravel the distribution of trace metals and its geochemical behavior in the Indian EEZ of the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. Trace metal accumulation in aquatic consumers is of interest to ecologists and environmentalists so as to understand the fate and effect of contaminants in the food web dynamics and the biogeochemical cycling of trace metals. It is well established that oceanic distribution of macronutrients such as nitrate, phosphate and silicate provide critical to biological growth and related geochemical processes. In this study it can be inferred, that there is a need for a better understanding of background informations on trace metal concentrations with respect to space and time and their fluctuations in the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal zooplankton. Without a sound knowledge on spatio-temporal fluctuations, it will be impossible to differentiate anthropogenic metal inputs from natural background concentrations with a routine biomonitoring programme. Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd & Pb showed a slight enrichment in zooplankton from the Arabian Sea during spring intermonsoon compared to intermonsoon fall. The relative enrichment of Fe, Cu & Zn in zooplankton from the Arabian Sea during intermonsoon spring than intermonsoon fall was due to favourable bioaccumulation factors of these elements during this season. Nevertheless this study can be looked upon as a starting point for further investigations on these biogeochemically important processes, which are vital in addressing the dynamics of productivity of waters.
Chandrasekaran, M; Jayachandran, K(Chapman & Hall, February , 1998)
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Abstract:
An Acinetobacter sp, isolated from latex centrifugation effluent, effectively coagulated skim rubber from skim latex.
After coagulation for 48 h without the addition of any nutrients, at an optimum dilution of 1:10(v/v) and with an
inoculum concentration of 6.4 mg dry cell /ml, the yield of the skim rubber was 8 % (w/v) and the COD of the residual
solution was only 0.4 g/l. chemical coagulation at the same dilution resulted in 7 % (w/v) yield of dry rubber content
and 2.2 g COD /l.
Description:
Biotechnology Letters, Vol 20, No 2, February 1998, pp. 161–164