Louis, Godfrey; Philip, J(The American Physical Society, 1996)
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Abstract:
A detailed ultrasonic study of the elastic properties of lithium ammonium sulfate ~LiNH4SO4! or LAS has
been carried out below room temperature. The elastic constants of LAS at room temperature are reported. The
discrepancy present in earlier elastic constant data associated with the different choice of axes for this orthorhombic
system are clarified. The results of the temperature variation study down to 220 K confirm the
ferroelastic phase transition at 285 K and establish a thermal hysteresis of about 2.5 K between the cooling and
heating cycles. Results of the investigation on the suspected weak phase transition at 256 K suggest that this
transition occurs at 242 K on cooling and at 256 K on heating, thus having a thermal hysteresis of about 14 K.
However, since the observed elastic anomaly for this transition is very small, the nature of this transition still
remains unclear
Unnikrishnan,P; Dr.Muraleedharan Nair, S(Cochin University Of Science And Technology, December , 2000)
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Abstract:
Environmental persistence, fate and interactive effects with living
organisms - beneficial or toxic - of trace elements are directly related to the
physico-chemical forms in which they occur. Knowledge on the association of
trace metals with different environmental compartments in an aquatic system
are, therefore, essential for monitoring the trace metal pollution as well as
transport, fate and bio-geochemical cycles of trace metals. This thesis is a
modest attempt in assessing the trace metal levels and their behaviour in the
aquatic environment of Kuttanad, an aquatic system that is severely affected
by man's intervention on natural processes, by seriously evaluating the levels
of trace metals in dissolved and particulate phases and also in the different
chemical fractions of the sediments.
Description:
Department of Chemical Oceanography, School of Marine Sciences,
Cochin University of Science and Technology
Unnikrishnan,P; Muraleedharan, Nair S(Department of Chemical Oceanography, School of Marine Sciences, 2000)
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Abstract:
This thesis is a modest attempt in assessing the trace metal levels and their behavior in the aquatic environment of Kuttanad, an aquatic system that is severely affected by man’s intervention on natural processes, by study seriously evaluating the levels of trace metals in dissolved and particulate phases and also in the different chemical fractions of the sediments. Understanding of the distributions, variations and transfer processes of trace metals in different environmental phases in the backwaters of Kuttanad is vital for the assessment of the water pollution problems and study the ecology of the area which contributes 20% of the rice production in the State of Kerala. Kuttand is a low-lying, shallow bay formed as a result of geological uplift. The major economic activity is agriculture involving 40% of the population. About 1.5% of the people are engaged in aquaculture. The trace metal distribution in the Kuttand backwaters is considerably influenced by the tropical features of the location and by human activities including agricultural activities and construction of salinity barrier. In this study an attempt is made to differentiate the metals in the sediment into exchangeable, reducible and resistant fractions in the sediments.
Suneesh, C V; Dr. Gopidas, K R(Cochin University of Science and Technology, May 3, 2010)
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Abstract:
This thesis Entitled phenylethynylarene based Donor-Acceptor systems:Desigh,Synthesis and Photophysical studies. A strategy for the design of donor-acceptor dyads, wherein decay of the charge separated (CS) state to low lying local triplet levels could possibly be prevented, is proposed. In order to examine this strategy, a linked donor-acceptor dyad BPEPPT with bis(phenylethYlly/)pyrene (BPEP) as the light absorber and acceptor and phenothiazine (PT) as donor was designed and photoinduced electron transfer in the dyad investigated. Absorption spectra of the dyad can be obtained by adding contributions due 10 the BPEP and PT moieties indicating that the constituents do not interact in the ground stale. Fluorescence of the BPEP moiety was efficiently quenched by the PT donor and this was attributed to electron lransfer from PT to BPEP. Picosecond transient absorption studies suggested formation of a charge separated state directly from the singlet excited state of BPEP. Nanosecond flash photolysis experiments gave long-ived transient absorptions assignable to PT radical cation and BPEP radical anion. These assignments were confirmed by oxygen quenching studies and secondary electron transfer experiments. Based on the available data, energy level diagram for BPEP-PT was constructed. The long lifetime of the charge separated state was attributed to the inverted region effects. The CS state did not undergo decay to low lying BPEP triplet indicating the success of our strategy
Description:
Photosciences and Pholonics
Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
Sreevalsam,Gopinath; Saramma, A V(Faculty of Marine biology, June 19, 2002)
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Abstract:
This study aims to reveal the ability of bacteria isolated from Cochin estuary and the Arabian Sea to produce phosphatases, important characters of the enzymes, its ability to utilize organophosphorus compounds as source of phosphate and also their role in degradation of organophosphorus pesticides. It deals with isolation, identification and screening of bacteria for phosphatase production, and it describes the effect of cultural conditions on growth and phosphatase production. The effect of various factors like pH, NaCl concentration, temperature of incubation, carbon source, period of incubation etc. on growth and phosphatase production by the two selected species were studied to establish suitable environment for phosphatase production by these bacteria. In this study regulation of phosphatase synthesis, characteristics of acid and alkaline phosphatases are discussed.
Nibu, A George; Dr. Radhakrishnan, P(Cochin University of Science and Technology, May 14, 2001)
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Abstract:
The emergence of lasers in the early sixties has not only revolutionized the field of optics
and communication but also paved new ways in the field of material characterization. Material studies using photothermal techniques possess certain unique characteristics and advantages over conventional methods. The most important aspect of photothennal techniques is their ability to perform noncontact and nondestructive measurement. Photoacoustics, photothermal deflection, thermal lens, photothermal radiometry and photopyroelectric methods are some of the commonly used and powerful techniques for the thermal and optical characterization of materials using lasers.
In this thesis the applications of photoacoustic and photothermal deflection techniques
for the thermal and optical characterization of different photonic materials, namely,
semiconductors, liquid crystals and dye-doped polymers are discussed
Description:
International
School of Photonics, Cochin University of Science and Technology
Ravi Kumar, A V; Padmaja, G; Nampoori, V P N; Vallabhan, C P G(Springer, November , 1989)
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Abstract:
Absorption spectra of formaldehyde molecule in the gas phase have been recorded using photoacoustic (PA) technique with pulsed dye laser at various power levels. The spectral profiles at higher power levels are found to be different from that obtained at lower laser powers. Two photon absorption (TPA) is found to be responsible for the photoacoustic signal at higher laser power while the absorption at lower laser power level is attributed to one photon absorption (OPA) process. Probable assignments for the different transitions are given in this paper.
Satheesh, Kumar M K; Dr.Girijavallabhan,C P(Cochin University of Science and Technology, August 27, 1987)
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Abstract:
The discovery of the Photoacoustic (PA) effect was a remarkable
achievement and was relegated to the scientific footnotes of the nineteenth
century. However, after the advent of lasers and sophisticated
electronics this effect was rediscovered and it has established itself
as an important research and analytical tool in numerous areas, including
physics, chemistry, biology and medicine. Quite recently, this phenomenon
has made its impact in the field of laser technology for applications
such as the developments of highly efficient active media for
lasers, high quality optics and sensitive laser power monitoring devices.
This thesis presents the work carried out by the author in this field
during the past few years at the Department of Physics in Cochin University
of Science and Technology.
The studies discussed here are mostly based on the development
of a sensitive PA laser power meter and its various applications using
different laser systems available in the laboratory. This includes the
development of a current regulated CW C0 laser and its application
in material processing. The thesis contains seven chapters which by and large are self
contained with separate abstracts and references. The first chapter
which is divided into two parts presents an introduction to the PA effect
and its present status. Part A reviews the basic theory of laser and
gives a sum mary of various lasers and their applications. Part B presents
a brief description of PA effect and its suitability as a spectroscopic
tool followed by its applications to various branches of science and
technology.
Description:
Department of Physics, Cochin
University of Science and Technology
Radhakrishnan, P; Nampoori, V P N; Girijavallabhan, C P; Nibu, A George; George, A K(Journal of Physica: Condensed Matter, Institute of Physics Publishing, November 28, 2000)
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Abstract:
The thermal effusivity values in the isotropic phase of certain comb-shaped
polymers have been evaluated for the first time using an open photoacoustic
cell configuration. The compounds investigated have siloxane and acrylate
backbone and they carry mesogenic groups in their side chain. The results
indicate that the polymer chain length as well as the side chain length have
pronounced influence on the thermal effusivity values in liquid crystalline
polymers
Sajan, D George; Vallabhan, C P G; Heck, M; Radhakrishnan, P; Nampoori, V P N(Taylor & Francis, 2002)
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Abstract:
An open cell photoacoustic (PA) configuration has been employed to evaluate the thermal diffusivity of intrinsic InP as well as InP doped with tin and iron. Thermal diffusivity data have been evaluated from variation of phase of PA signal as a function of modulation frequency. In doped samples, we observe a reduced value for thermal diffusivity in comparison with intrinsic InP. We also observed that, while the phase of the PA signal varies linearly with the square root of chopping frequency for doped samples, the intrinsic material does not exhibit such behaviour in the experimental frequency range. These results have been interpreted in terms of the heat generation and phonon assisted heat diffusion mechanisms in semiconductors.
Sajan, D George; Aneeshkumar, B; Radhakrishnan, P; Nampoori, V P N; Vallabhan, C P G(Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, 2004)
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Abstract:
An open-cell configuration of the photoacoustic (PA) technique is employed to determine the thermal and transport properties of intrinsic Si and Si doped with B (p-type) and P (n-type). The experimentally obtained phase of the PA signal under heat transmission configuration is fitted to that of theoretical model by taking thermal and transport properties, namely, thermal diffusivity, diffusion coefficient, and surface recombination velocity, as adjustable parameters. It is seen from the analysis that doping and also the nature of dopant have a strong influence on the thermal and transport properties of semiconductors. The results are interpreted in terms of the carrier-assisted and phonon-assisted heat transfer mechanisms in semiconductors as well as the various scattering processes occurring in the propagation of heat carriers.
Nampoori, V P N; Radhakrishnan, P; Girijavallabhan, C P; George, N A; Paul, T; Sebastian,M T(Journal of Materials Science Letters,Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000)
Radhakrishnan, P; Nampoori, V P N; Girijavallabhan, C P; George, N A; Paul, T; Sebastian,M T(Journal of Materials Science Letters,Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000)
Girijavallabhan, C P; Radhakrishnan, P; Nampoori, V P N; George, N A; Paul, T; Sebastian,M T(Journal of Materials Science Letters,Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000)
Madhusoodanan, K N; Dr. Jacob, Philip(Cochin University of Science And Technology, November , 1988)
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Abstract:
This thesis work has mainly concentrated on the investigation of the ,optical and thermal properties of binary semiconducting chalcogenide glasses belonging to the AivB¥5x and AZBXEX families. The technique used for these studies is a relatively new one namely, the photoacoustic (PA) technique. This technique is based on the detection of acoustic signal produced in an enclosed volume when the sample is irradiated by an intensity modulated radiation. The signal produced depends upon the optical properties of the sample, and the thermal properties of the sample, backing material and the surrounding gas. For the present studies an efficient signal beam gas-microphone PA spectrometer, consisting of a high power
Xenon lamp, monochromator, light beam chopper, PA cell with microphone and lock-in amplifier, has been set up. Two PA cells have been fabricated: one for room temperature measurements and another for measurements at high temperatures. With the high temperature PA cell measurements can be taken upto 250°C. Provisions are incorporated. in both the cells to change the volume and to use different backing materials for the sample. The cells have been
calibrated by measuring the frequency response of the cells using carbon black as the sample
Description:
Department of physics, Cochin University of Science And Technology
Ritty J, Nedumpara; Binoy, Paul; Santhi, A; Radhakrishnan, P; Nampoori, V P N(Elsevier, January , 2004)
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Abstract:
In this paper, we present a laser-induced photoacoustic study on the photostability of laser dye Coumarin 540 doped in PMMA matrix and modified by the incorporation of low-molecular weight additives. The dependence of photostability of the dye on various experimental conditions, such as nature of solvents, incident optical power and dye concentration, is investigated in detail. The activation rates for the bleaching process are calculated for different concentrations and they suggest the possibility of two distinct mechanisms responsible for photodegradation. Further, analysis of the data confirms the linear dependence of photodegradation on the intensity of incident radiation. The role of different externally influencing parameters, such as wavelength and modulation frequency of incident radiation, is also discussed.