| Abstract: | The nanosecond optical limiting characteristics of sandwich-type neodymium diphthalocyanine in a co-polymer matrix of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and methyl-2-cyanoacrylate have been studied for the first time. The measurements were performed using 9 ns laser pulses generated from a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm wavelength. The optical limiting performance of neodymium diphthalocyanine in co-polymer host was studied at different linear transmission. Laser damage threshold was also measured for the doped and undoped co-polymer samples. The optical limiting response is attributed to reverse saturable absorption which is due to excited-state absorption. |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/2605 |
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| Dyuthi-P0165.pdf | (454.6Kb) |
| Abstract: | Optical absorption studies of phthalocyanines (Pc-s) in borate glass matrix have been reported for the first time. Measurements have been done corresponding to photon energies between 1.1 and 6.2 eV for free base, manganese, iron, nickel, molybdenum, cobalt and copper phthalocyanines. Several new discrete transitions are observed in the UV–vis region of the spectra in addition to a strong continuum component of absorption in the IR region. Values of some of the important optical constants viz. absorption coefficient (α), molar extinction coefficient (ε), absorption cross-section (σa), band width (Δλ), electric dipole strength (q2) and oscillator strength (f) for the relevant electronic transitions are also presented. All the data reported for Pc-s in the new matrix have been compared with those corresponding to solution, vapor and thin film media. |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/2593 |
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| Dyuthi-P0153.pdf | (229.6Kb) |
| Abstract: | A non-invasive technique is implemented to measure a parameter which is closely related to the distensibility of large arteries, using the second derivative of the infrared photoplethysmographic waveform. Thirty subjects within the age group of 20-61 years were involved in this pilot study. Two new parameters, namely the area of the photoplethysmographic waveform under the systolic peak, and the ratio of the time delay between the systolic and the diastolic peaks and the time period of the waveform (T/T) were studied as a function of age. It was found that while the parameter which is supposed to be a marker of distensibility of large arteries and T /T values correlate negatively with age, the area under the systolic peak correlates positively with age. The results suggest that the derived parameters could provide a simple, non-invasive means for studying the changes in the elastic properties of the vascular system as a function of age. |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/1794 |
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| Non-invasive St ... rameters Using a Blood.pdf | (105.2Kb) |
| Abstract: | A mathematical analysis of an electroencephalogram of a human Brain during an epileptic seizure shows that the K2 entropy decreases as compared to a clinically normal brain while the dimension of the attractor does not show significant deviation. |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/2706 |
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| Dyuthi-P0341.pdf | (225.4Kb) |
| Abstract: | Nonlinear optical absorption in silver nanosol was investigated at selected wavelengths (456 nm, 477 nm and 532 nm) using open aperture Z-scan technique. It was observed that nature of nonlinear absorption is sensitively dependent on input fluence as well as on excitation wavelength. Besides, the present sample was found to exhibit reverse saturable absorption (RSA) and saturable absorption (SA) at these wavelengths depending on excitation fluence. RSA is attributed to enhanced absorption resulting from photochemical changes. SA observed for fluence values lower and higher than those corresponding to RSA are, respectively, attributed to plasmon bleach and saturation of RSA. |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/2596 |
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| Dyuthi-P0156.pdf | (141.3Kb) |
| Abstract: | In this article we present the nonlinear optical properties of ZnO–TiO2–SiO2 nanocomposites prepared by colloidal chemical synthesis. Nonlinear optical response of these samples is studied using nanosecond laser pulses at an off-resonance wavelength. The nonlinearity of the silica colloid is low and its nonlinear response can be improved by making composites with ZnO and TiO2. These nanocomposites show self-defocusing nonlinearity and good nonlinear absorption behaviour. The nonlinear refractive index and the nonlinear absorption increases with increasing ZnO volume fraction. The observed nonlinear absorption is explained by two photon absorption followed by weak free carrier absorption and nonlinear scattering. ZnO–TiO2–SiO2 is a potential nanocomposite material for the development of nonlinear optical devices with a relatively small limiting threshold. |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/2576 |
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| Dyuthi-P0136.pdf | (245.0Kb) |
| Abstract: | In the present work, we have investigated the nonlinear optical properties of self-assembled films formed from ZnO colloidal spheres by z-scan technique. The sign of the nonlinear component of refractive index of the material remains the same; however, a switching from reverse saturable absorption to saturable absorption has been observed as the material changes from colloid to self-assembled film. These different nonlinear characteristics can be mainly attributed to ZnO defect states and electronic effects when the colloidal solution is transformed into self-assembled monolayers. We investigated the intensity, wavelength and size dependence of saturable and reverse saturable absorption of ZnO self-assembled films and colloids. Values of the imaginary part of third-order susceptibility are calculated for particles of size in the range 20–300 nm at different intensity levels ranging from 40 to 325MW/cm2 within the wavelength range of 450–650 nm. |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/xmlui/purl/2046 |
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| Nonlinear optical characteristics of ....pdf | (849.5Kb) |
| Abstract: | Results of a numerical study of synchronisation of two directly modulated semiconductor lasers, using bi-directional coupling, are presented. The effect of stepwise increase in the coupling strength (C) on the synchronisation of the chaotic outputs of two such lasers is studied, with the help of parameter space plots, synchronisation error plots, phase diagrams and time series outputs. Numerical results indicate that as C increases, the system achieves synchronisation as well as stability together with an increase in the output power. The stability of the synchronised states is checked by applying a perturbation to the system after it becomes synchronised and then noting the time it takes to regain synchronisation. For lower values of C the system does not regain synchronisation. But, with higher values synchronisation is regained within a very short time. |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/2557 |
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| Dyuthi-P0116.pdf | (729.4Kb) |
| Abstract: | We have numerically studied the behavior of a two-mode Nd-YAG laser with an intracavity KTP crystal. It is found that when the parameter, which is a measure of the relative orientations of the KTP crystal with respect to the Nd-YAG crystal, is varied continuously, the output intensity fluctuations change from chaotic to stable behavior through a sequence of reverse period doubling bifurcations. The graph of the intensity in the X-polarized mode against that in the Y-polarized mode shows a complex pattern in the chaotic regime. The Lyapunov exponent is calculated for the chaotic and periodic regions. |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/2533 |
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| Dyuthi-P0108.pdf | (743.1Kb) |
| Abstract: | Pulsed photoacoustic measurements have been carried out in liquid CS2 using 532 nm radiation from a frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser. Variation of signal amplitude with laser fluence clearly indicates the role of multiphoton processes in the generation of photoacoustic effect. It is also shown that four photon induced dissociation and five photon induced ionization are likely processes in CS2 and 532 nm radiation. |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/2634 |
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| Dyuthi-P0193.pdf | (264.3Kb) |
| Abstract: | Two-photon absorption in Rhodamine 6G using the second harmonic of a pulsed Q-switched Nd:YAG laser has been studied by photoacoustic technique. It is observed that there is a competition between one-photon and two-photon absorption processes. At lower concentration the two-photon process is predominant over the one-photon process. |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/2493 |
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| Dyuthi-P0291.pdf | (252.6Kb) |
| Abstract: | Observation of laser induced two-photon photoemission optogalvanic (TPPOG) effect from tungsten electrode in a discharge cell using 564 nm radiation obtained from a pulsed dye laser is described. The magnitude of the POG signal is studied as a function of laser energy under various discharge parameters. Competition between one-photon and two-photon processes has been observed when nitrogen gas is used in the discharge cell. |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/2492 |
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| Dyuthi-P0296.pdf | (201.4Kb) |
| Abstract: | Photoluminescence, thermoluminescence and phosphorescence studies of cerium and copper doped BaS phosphors are attempted. Cu+ centres in BaS lattice activate red emission while Ce3+ sensitize the blue emission. Results are explained on the basis of superposition theory involving monomolecular kinetics. In Randall and Wilkins model, the decay and TL studies are found to corelate each other. |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/2643 |
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| Dyuthi-P0330.pdf | (250.1Kb) |
| Abstract: | The role of acoustic plasmons in the recently discovered high Tc superconductors is discussed. It is shown that the exchange of acoustic plasmons together with the usual phonon exchange between electrons can give rise to a Tc - 100 K. |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/2570 |
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| Dyuthi-P0129.pdf | (164.0Kb) |
| Abstract: | We report the use of an open photoacoustic cell configuration for the evaluation of thermal effusivity of liquid crystals. Initially, the method is calibrated using water and glycerol as transparent liquid samples, and the role of thermal conductivity of these liquids on the photoacoustic signal amplitude is discussed. To demonstrate the application of the present method for the evaluation of thermal effusivity of liquid crystals, we have used certain multicomponent nematic liquid crystal mixtures, namely BL001, BL002, BL032, and BL035. Each of these liquid crystal mixtures contains four to nine components and are primarily based on the cyanobiphenyl structure. The measured values of thermal effusivity of BL001 and BL002 were found to be almost the same, but differ from those of BL032 and BL035, which implies a difference in composition of the latter two from the former two mixtures. |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/2405 |
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| Dyuthi-P0228.pdf | (142.3Kb) |
| Abstract: | Optical absorption studies of free base and rare earth incorporated phthalocyanine doped borate glass matrix are reported for the first lime. The absorption spectra recorded in the UV- VIS region show two well defined absorption bands of phthalocyanine (Pc) molecule, namely the Soret band (B) and the Q band. The Q band always shows its characteristic splitting in all the doped glass matrices and the intensities of these components are found to vary from one Pc to another. Some of the important optical parameters, namely optical absorption coefficient (a), molar extinction coefficient (ε), absorption cross section (σa), oscillator strength (f), electric dipole strength (q2), absorption half bandwidth (Δλ) of the principal optical transitions have also been evaluated. Moreover, the spectral dependence of refractive index (n) and thereby the optical dielectric constant (ε) on wavelength yielded values of carrier concentration to effective mass ratio (N/m*) of the phthalocyanine molecule in the present glassy systems. Optical band gap (Eg) and width of the band tail (Et) are computed and their variations among the prepared samples are also discussed. |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/2401 |
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| Dyuthi-P0222.pdf | (358.3Kb) |
| Abstract: | Optical emission studies of C2 molecules in plasma obtained by Nd:YAG laser ablation of graphite in a helium atmosphere are reported for irradiances in the range (1–9:2/ x 1010 W cm−2. The characteristics of the spectral emission intensity from the C2 (Swan band) species have been investigated as functions of the distance from the target, ambient pressure and laser irradiance. Estimates of vibrational temperatures of C2 species under various irradiance conditions are made. Results of measurements performed under different ambient helium gas pressures are also discussed. |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/1795 |
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| Optical emission studies of C2.pdf | (139.1Kb) |
| Abstract: | Optical emission studies of C2 molecules in plasma obtained by Nd:YAG laser ablation of graphite in a helium atmosphere are reported for irradiances in the range (1–9:2/ x 1010 W cm−2. The characteristics of the spectral emission intensity from the C2 (Swan band) species have been investigated as functions of the distance from the target, ambient pressure and laser irradiance. Estimates of vibrational temperatures of C2 species under various irradiance conditions are made. Results of measurements performed under different ambient helium gas pressures are also discussed. |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/1796 |
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| Dyuthi-P0321.pdf | (139.1Kb) |
| Abstract: | A novel fibre optic sensor for the in situ measurement of the rate of deposition of thin films has been developed. Evanescent wave in the uncladded portion of a multimode fibre is utilised for this sensor development. In the present paper we demonstrate how this sensor is useful for the monitoring of the deposition rate of polypyrrole thin films, deposited by an AC plasma polymerisation method. This technique is simple, accurate and highly sensitive compared with existing techniques. |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/2392 |
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| Dyuthi-P0201.pdf | (79.28Kb) |
| Abstract: | Optical limiting and thermo-optic properties of C60 in toluene are studied using 532 nm, 9 ns pulses from a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser. Optical limiting studies in these fullerene molecules lead to the conclusion that reverse saturable absorption is the major mechanism for limiting properties in these molecules. Thermal lensing measurements are also performed in fullerene solutions. The quadratic dependence of thermal lens signal on incident energy confirms that enhanced optical absorption by the sample via excited triplet state absorption may play a leading role in the limiting property. |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/2491 |
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| Dyuthi-P0216.pdf | (474.4Kb) |
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