Chandrasekaran, M; Sreeja, Chellappan; Jasmin, C; Soorej, Basheer M; Elyas, K K; Sarita,G Bhat(Elsevier, October 17, 2005)
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Abstract:
Engyodontium album isolated from marine sediment produced protease, which was active at pH 11. Process parameters influencing the
production of alkaline protease by marine E. album was optimized. Particle size of <425 mm, 60% initial moisture content and incubation at 25 8C
for 120 h were optimal for protease production under solid state fermentation (SSF) using wheat bran. The organism has two optimal pH (5 and 10)
for maximal enzyme production. Sucrose as carbon source, ammonium hydrogen carbonate as additional inorganic nitrogen source and amino acid
leucine enhanced enzyme production during SSF. The protease was purified and partially characterized. A 16-fold purified enzyme was obtained
after ammonium sulphate precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography. Molecular weight of the purified enzyme protein was recorded
approximately 38 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The enzyme showed maximum activity at pH 11 and 60 8C. Activity at high temperature and high alkaline
pH suggests suitability of the enzyme for its application in detergent industry
Padma, Nambisan; Renuka, Devi P S; Sabu, A; Sheeja, T E(2013)
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Abstract:
The morphological and biochemical response of calli and seedlings of different
rice cultivars were compared under acid saline conditions. Calli of
both tolerant and sensitive varieties showed severe stress symptoms like
browning and necrosis, but the onset of stress symptoms was delayed in
Pokkali. Seedlings of Pokkali showed minimal stress symptoms in lower
salinities, and curling and senescence of older leaves in higher salinities
although plants revived on amelioration of stress. Seedlings of the other
varieties showed severe stress symptoms even at low salinities and plant
death at higher salinities. Salt stress induced accumulation of the putative
osmoprotectant proline in calli and seedlings of all varieties. Proline accumulation
was higher in sensitive varieties than in Pokkali. These results
indicate that proline accumulation is not directly correlated with salt
tolerance in rice.
Chandrasekaran, M; Beena, P S; Sarita,G Bhat; Soorej, Basheer M; Ali, Bahkali H(Springer, January 29, 2011)
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Abstract:
Marine Aspergillus awamori BTMFW032, recently reported by us, produce
acidophilic tannase as extracellular enzyme. Here, we report the application of this
enzyme for synthesis of propyl gallate by direct transesterification of tannic acid and in
tea cream solubilisation besides the simultaneous production of gallic acid along with
tannase under submerged fermentation by this fungus. This acidophilic tannase enabled
synthesis of propyl gallate by direct transesterification of tannic acid using propanol as
organic reaction media under low water conditions. The identity of the product was
confirmed with thin layer chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
It was noted that 699 U/ml of enzyme could give 60% solubilisation of tea cream within
1 h. Enzyme production medium was optimized adopting Box–Behnken design for
simultaneous synthesis of tannase and gallic acid. Process variables including tannic acid,
sodium chloride, ferrous sulphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, incubation period
and agitation were recognized as the critical factors that influenced tannase and gallic acid
production. The model obtained predicted 4,824.61 U/ml of tannase and 136.206 μg/ml gallic
acid after 48 h of incubation, whereas optimized medium supported 5,085 U/ml tannase and
372.6 μg/ml of gallic acid production after 36 and 84 h of incubation, respectively, with a
15-fold increase in both enzyme and gallic acid production. Results indicated scope for
utilization of this acidophilic tannase for transesterification of tannic acid into propyl gallate, tea
cream solubilisation and simultaneous production of gallic acid along with tannase
Description:
Appl Biochem Biotechnol (2011) 164:612–628
DOI 10.1007/s12010-011-9162-x
Bijina, B; Sreeja, Chellappan; Soorej, Basheer M; Elyas, K K; Ali, Bahkali H(Elsevier, 2011)
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Abstract:
Protease inhibitors have great demand in medicine and biotechnology. We report here the purification
and characterization of a protease inhibitor isolated from mature leaf extract of Moringa oleifera that
showed maximum inhibitor activity. The protease inhibitor was purified to 41.4-fold by Sephadex G75
and its molecular mass was calculated as 23,600 Da. Inhibitory activity was confirmed by dot-blot and
reverse zymogram analyses. Glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, proline and aspartic acid were found as the
major amino acids of the inhibitor protein. Maximal activity was recorded at pH 7 and at 40 ◦C. The
inhibitor was stable over pH 5–10; and at 50 ◦C for 2 h. Thermostability was promoted by CaCl2, BSA
and sucrose. Addition of Zn2+ and Mg2+, SDS, dithiothreitol and -mercaptoethanol enhanced inhibitory
activity, while DMSO and H2O2 affected inhibitory activity. Modification of amino acids at the catalytic
site by PMSF and DEPC led to an enhancement in the inhibitory activity. Stoichiometry of trypsin–protease
inhibitor interaction was 1:1.5 and 0.6 nM of inhibitor effected 50% inhibition. The low Ki value (1.5 nM)
obtained indicated scope for utilization of M. oliefera protease inhibitor against serine proteases
Chandrasekaran, M; Bijina, B; Sreeja, Chellappan; Jissa, Krishna G; Soorej, Basheer M; Elyas, K K; Ali, Bahkali H(Elsevier, April 18, 2011)
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Abstract:
Protease inhibitors are well known to have several applications in medicine and biotechnology.
Several plant sources are known to return potential protease inhibitors. In this study plants
belonging to different families of Leguminosae, Malvaceae, Rutaceae, Graminae and Moringaceae
were screened for the protease inhibitor. Among them Moringa oleifera, belonging to the family
Moringaceae, recorded high level of protease inhibitor activity after ammonium sulfate fractionation.
M. oleifera, which grows throughout most of the tropics and having several industrial and
medicinal uses, was selected as a source of protease inhibitor since so far no reports were made
on isolation of the protease inhibitor. Among the different parts of M. oleifera tested, the crude
extract isolated from the mature leaves and seeds showed the highest level of inhibition against trypsin.
Among the various extraction media evaluated, the crude extract prepared in phosphate buffer
showed maximum recovery of the protease inhibitor. The protease inhibitor recorded high inhibitory
activity toward the serine proteases thrombin, elastase, chymotrypsin and the cysteine
Description:
Saudi journal of biological sciences(2011) 18,273-281
Chandrasekaran, M; Nagendra, Prabhu G(Tecpar, 1999)
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Abstract:
L - Glutaminase, a therapeutically and industrially important enzyme, was produced from marine Vibrio costicola
by a novel solid state fermentation process using polystyrene beads as inert support. The new fermentation system
offered several advantages over the conventional systems, such as the yield of leachate with minimum viscosity and
high specific activity for the target product besides facilitating the easy estimation of biomass. The enzyme thus
produced was purified and characterised. It was active at physiological pH, showed high substrate specificity
towards L - glutamine and had a Km value of 7.4 x 10-2 M. It also exhibited high salt and temperature tolerance
indicating good scope for its industrial and therapeutic applications
Description:
Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 42(3),pp-363-368
Chandrasekaran, M; Nagendra, Prabhu G(Rapid Science Publishers, 1995)
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Abstract:
Polystyrene beads, impregnated with mineral salts/glutamine medium as inert support, were used to produce
L-glutaminase from Vibrio costicola by solid-state fermentation. Maximum enzyme yield, 88 U/g substrate, was
after 36 h. Glucose at 10 g/kg enhanced the enzyme yield by 66%. The support system allowed glutaminase to
be recovered with higher specific activity and lower viscosity than when a wheat-bran system was used
Description:
World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology 11,683-684
Somatic embryos were induced from scutellar callus of immature zygotic embryos of T aestivum cv.
Chinese Spring. Observations on precociously germinating somatic embryos revealed that: (i) In the initial
stages the coleoptile is split, exposes the shoot apex and forms a green trichomatous leafy structure.
In the germinating zygotic embryo, the coleoptile is tubular, (ii) Unlike what has been inferred earlier the
leafy structure is the coleoptile and not the scutellum, (iii) Bipolarity of the embryoid is established later
when root develops at the basal end.
Shreedevi,T T; Padayatti,P S; Kala,M S; Philip, J; Paulose,C S(Department of Biotechnology, May 25, 1994)
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Abstract:
Optical absorption characteristics of rat blood
affected by diabetes has been studied using photoacoustic
(PA) technique. PA spectrum of blood
depends on the molecular structure of haemoglobin.
The peak value ratio ylQ increases with increase in
the diabetic state. Externally added glucose to
normal blood does not show any increase in y//3 ratio
as seen in the diabetic condition . The increase in yl,8
ratio may be due to the decrease in DPG level and
the resultant shift from R -> T conformation of
majority of diabetic haemoglobin.
Paulose,C S; Athira, Babu; Anju, T R(Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics, April , 2009)
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Abstract:
Hypoxia is one of the major causes of damage to the fetal and neonatal brain and cardiac functions. in earlier studies we have reported the brain damage caused by hypoxia and resusciation with oxygen and epinephrine and have found that glucose treatment to hypoxic rats and hypoxic rats treated with oxygen shows a reversal of brain damage. during this study the findings may have clinical significance in the proper management of heart and brain functions.
Paulose,C S; Dakshinamurti,K; Subah,Packer; Newman,L Stephens(Department of Biotechnology, December 8, 1987)
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Abstract:
Pyridoxal phosphate is the coenzyme of various decarboxylases involved in the formation
of monoamine neurotransmitters such as y-aminobutyric acid , serotonin , dopamine, and norepinephrine
. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats placed on a pyridoxine -deficient diet for 8 weeks showed
significant hypertension compared with pyridoxine -supplemented controls . Hypothalamic contents of
pyridoxal phosphate , y-aminobutyric acid, and serotonin in the pyridoxine - deficient rats were significantly
lower than those in pyridoxine -supplemented controls . Hypertension was associated with
sympathetic stimulation . Treatment of pyridoxine-deficient rats with a single dose of pyridoxine (10
mg/kg body weight) reversed the blood pressure to normal levels within 24 hours, with concomitant
restorations of hypothalamic serotonin and y-aminobutyric acid as well as the return of plasma
norepinephrine and epinephrine to normal levels . Also, pyridoxine treatment reversed the hypothalamic
hypothyroidism observed in pyridoxine -deficient rats . These results indicate an association
between pyridoxine deficiency and sympathetic stimulation leading to hypertension.
Paulose,C S; Thliveris,J A; Dakshinamurti,K; Viswanathan,M(Department of Biotechnology, 1989)
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Abstract:
We have studied testicular function in the biotin-
deficient rat biochemically and morphologically.
Serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels
were decreased significantly in the deficient rats. Administration
of biotin or gonadotropins to the deficient rats
reversed this decrease in serum testosterone. There was no
difference in the serum cholesterol level between the control
and biotin-deficient rats. A significant degree of sloughing
of seminiferous tubule germinal epithelium was noticed
in the biotin-deficient rat testes. Biotin treatment of biotindeficient
rats reversed this condition whereas testosterone
treatment was without any effect. The development and
maintenance of morphological and functional integrity of
the seminiferous tubules appears to require a biotin-mediated
step in addition to testosterone.
Dakshinamurti,K; Paulose,C S; Thliveris,J A; Vriend,J(Department of Biotechnology, August 15, 1984)
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Abstract:
In pyridopaminedoxine-deficient young rats hypothalamic serum TSH concentration was detected. Highly signifiserotonin
was decreased with no changes in the cant decreases in the content of pituitary TSH and in
and noradrenaline content. Serum the number of pituitary thyrotroph secretory granules
and tri-iodothyronine concentrations were were found. These results suo
mmuuchch lower in the deficient rats as compared to thyroidism of suggest that the hypocontrols.
No significant of hypothalamicp yorirdigoxinin.e -deficient young rats might bbee
difference between deficient and control groups in the
Chandrasekaran, M; Manzur Ali, P P; Rekha Mol, K R; Sapna, K; Sarita,G Bhat(Springer, March 11, 2014)
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Abstract:
Protease inhibitors can be versatile tools mainly in the fields of medicine, agriculture and
food preservative applications. Fungi have been recognized as sources of protease inhibitors,
although there are only few such reports on mushrooms. This work reports the purification and
characterization of a trypsin inhibitor from the fruiting body of edible mushroom Pleurotus
floridanus (PfTI) and its effect on the activity of microbial proteases. The protease inhibitor was
purified up to 35-fold by DEAE-Sepharose ion exchange column, trypsin-Sepharose column and
Sephadex G100 column. The isoelectric point of the inhibitor was 4.4, and its molecular mass was
calculated as 37 kDa by SDS-PAGE and 38.3 kDa by MALDI-TOF. Inhibitory activity confirmation
was by dot-blot analysis and zymographic activity staining. The specificity of the inhibitor
toward trypsin was with Ki of 1.043×10−10 M. The inhibitor was thermostable up to 90 °C with
maximal stability at 30 °C, active over a pH range of 4–10 against proteases from Aspergillus
oryzae, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus sp. and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Results indicate the
possibility of utilization of protease inhibitor from P. floridanus against serine proteases
Description:
Appl Biochem Biotechnol (2014) 173:167–178
DOI 10.1007/s12010-014-0826-1
Chandrasekaran, M; Suresh, P V(Rapid Science Publishers, 1998)
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Abstract:
Prawn waste, a chitinous solid waste of the shell®sh processing industry, was used as a substrate for chitinase
production by the marine fungus Beauveria bassiana BTMF S10, in a solid state fermentation (SSF) culture.
The process parameters in¯uencing SSF were optimized. A maximum chitinase yield of 248.0 units/g initial dry
substrate (U/gIDS) was obtained in a medium containing a 5:1 ratio (w/v) of prawn waste/sea water, 1% (w/w)
NaCl, 2.5% (w/w) KH2PO4, 425±600 lm substrate particle size at 27 °C, initial pH 9.5, and after 5 days of incubation.
The presence of yeast extract reduced chitinase yield. The results indicate scope for the utilization of shell®sh
processing (prawn) waste for the industrial production of chitinase by using solid state fermentation.
Description:
World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology, Vol 14, 1998