Philip, Samuel P; Dr.George, M J(Cochin University Of Science And Technology, November , 1987)
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Abstract:
‘Biochemical genetics of selected commercially important
penaeid prawns‘ dloted was carried out by collecting
samples from different important fishing ceatres of India
and the practical work was carried out in the Research
Centre of CMFRI laboratories attached with those places.
On the whole, in crustacea little importance has been
given so far in finding out tin genetic characteristics of
different species, genetic variation within and between
species and ontogenetic variations in lobsters, prawns and
other crustaceans. Prawn is caunercially important group
where very little attention had been given so far to find
out the racial divergence which may exist in cufferent
species. with the increased foreign exchange earning and
consequent indiscriminate over exploitation of existing
resources of prawns resulting in depletion of the marine
rescurces, alternative ways and augmenting production has
become essential. In this connection genetic manipulation
of the broodstock will surely bring about the heterogenous
characters to multiply production. In order to understand
racial fragmentation of sane of the coumercially important
prawns such as Pengeus ggdicus and Parggenagsis sgliferg
the isozyme studies were carried out. Qatogenetic variation
of g. indicus showed stage specific electrophoretic variation.
Inter species variation studies was carried out for the
closely aligned Penaeus species
Description:
Department Of Marine Sciences,Cochin University Of Science And Technology
Venkita Krishnan, P; Dr.George, M K(Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Central Marine Fisheries Institute, December , 1993)
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Abstract:
The main objective of the present investigation was to study the biochemical genetic variability within the species and genetic structure of its regional populations from west coast. Realising the recent report of occurrence of oil sardine fishery in east coast of India, population samples from Mandapam and Madras were also included in the present investigation. The original data gathered on the population genetics of the species have helped to interpret and evaluate the results objectively. The important conclusions drawn from a detailed discussions on the subject would throw some light on the probable process of problematic fluctuations in the abundance of oil sardine fishery of India. The academic and applied values of present discoveries need not be emphasised. The data used for the doctoral thesis were generated during the ICAR ad-hoc project on the "Population genetic studies on oil sardine, sardinella longiceps to identity distinct genetic stocks", carried out at CMFRI, Cochin during the years, 1988-1991
Priya,M; Babu,Philip(DEPARTMENT OF MARINE BIOLOGY, MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY, 2001)
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Abstract:
In this project, an attempt has been made to study the stability of
erythrocyte and lysosomal membranes biochemically. Erythrocytes were chosen for the study because of their ready availability and relative simplicity. Biological membranes forming closed boundaries between compartments of varying composition consist mainly of proteins and lipids. They are asymmetric, fluid structures that are thermodynamically stable and metabolically active. Normal cellular function begins with normal membrane
structure and any variation in it may upset the normal functions. The degree of fluidity of a membrane depends on the chain length of its lipids and degree of unsaturation
of constituent fatty acids. In response to environmental changes, many cells can regulate
composition of their membranes to maintain the overall semi fluid environment
necessary for many membrane associated functions. The assembly and
Maintenance of membrane structures in cells is a dynamic process. The
components are not only synthesized and inserted into a growing membrane but
are also continuously degraded at a slower rate. This turnover process varies
with each individual molecule.Lysosomes are important in the catabolic processes occurring in the cell. Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes and are stable
under normal conditions. In certain pathological conditions, the lysosomal
membrane may rupture, releasing the hydrolytic enzymes into the cell and
digestion of cell takes place as a whole. This is very dangerous. In normal
life processes of multi cellular organisms, lysosomes rupture following the
death of a cell and it may have some value as a built in mechanism for selfremoval
of dead cells.An attempt has also been made in this project towards developing
lysosome membrane stability as an index of fish spoilage during storage.
Different membranes within the cell and between cells have different
compositions as reflected in the ratio of protein to lipid. The difference is
not surprising given the very different functions of membranes
Mathen Mathew; Dr. Suseela Mathew(Cochin University of Science and Technology, April , 2010)
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Abstract:
With a seacoast of 8,1 18 km, an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of 2 million square km, and with an area of about 30,000 square km under aquaculture, lndia produces close to six million tonnes of fish, over 4 per cent of the world fish production. While the marine waters upto 50m depth have been fully exploited, those beyond, remain unexplored. There is an ever increasing demand for fishery resources as food. The coastal fishery resources of the country are dwindling at a rapid pace and it becomes highly imperative that we search for alternate fishery resources for food. The option we have is to hunt for marine fishery resources. Studies pertaining to proximate composition, amino acid and fatty acid composition are essential to understand the nutraceutical values of these deep sea fishery resources. The present study was aimed to carry out proximate composition of deep sea fishery resources obtained during cruises onboard the FORV Sarise Sampada, to identify fishery resources which have appreciable lipid content and thereby analyse the bioactive potentials of marine lipids, to study the amino acid profile of these fishery resources, to understand the contents of SPA, MUFA and PUFA and to calculate the n3/n6 fatty acid contents. Though the presence of nutraceuticals was identified in the marine fishery resources their use as potential food resources deserve further investigation. So the study were carried out to calculate the hepatosomatic indices of sharks & chimaeras and conduct biochemical characterisation of liver oils of Apristurus indicus, Cenlrophorus scalprams, Centroselachus crepidater, Neoharriotta raleighana, and Harriotta pinnata obtained during cruises onboard the FORV Sugar Sampada.Therapeutic use of shark liver oil is evident from its use for centuries as a remedy to heal wounds and fight flu (Neil er al. 2006). Japanese seamen called it 'samedava' or "cure all". Shark liver oil is being promoted worldwide as a dietary supplement to boost the immune system, fight infections, to treat cancer and to lessen the side effects of conventional cancer treatment. These days more emphasis is laid on the nutritive benefits of shark liver oils especially on the omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ( PUFAs) (Anandan er al. 2007) and alkylglycerols (AKGs) (Pugliese er al. I998) contained in them due to the high rise of inflammatory disorders such as arthritis, asthma and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Schizophrenia. So the present study also evaluate the pharmacological properties with respect to analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti pyretic and anti-ulcer effects of four different liver oils of sharks belonging to the Indian EEZ and to identify the components of oil responsible for these activities.The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of liver oils from Neoharriotra raleighana (NR), Centrosymnus crepidater (CC), Apristurus indicus (AI), and Centrophorus sculpratus (CS) sharks caught from the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean were compared. The main objectives also include determination of the cholesterol lowering effects of liver oils of Neoharriotra raleighana (NR) and Centrophorus sculpratus (CS) on the high fat diet induced dyslipidemia and to compare the impact of four isolipidemic diets, on levels of serum diagnostic marker enzymes, on lipid profile of blood and liver and antioxidant status of heart in male Albino rats. And also to study the efficacy of Centrophorus sculpratus (CS) liver oil against Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-induced arthritis and to compare the anti-inflammatory activity of this oil with a traditionally used anti-inflammatory substance gingerol (oleoresin extracted from ginger.). The results of the present study indicated that both (Centrophorus sculpratus liver oils as well as gingerol extracts proved to be effective natural remedies against CFA-induced arthritis in Albino rats.
Rema, L P; Dr. Babu, Philip(Cochin University Of Science And Technology, May 24, 1995)
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Abstract:
The present work is focused on the organelle and
biochemical responses to heavy metal exposure in the fish
Oreochromis mossambicus giving particular importance to the
metal detoxifying machinery of the organism. The thesis is an
outcome of the effort aimed at developing practicable monitoring
techniques to deliver guidelines for biological effect
monitoring and the need for specific biochemical methods to
detect biological effects of heavy metals that can be
interpreted in terms of the health status of the individual
organism and eventually alterations in vital processes as growth
and reproduction. The efficiency of the metal detoxifying
metallothioneins which is an attractive tool for biological
monitoring, their role as scavengers of trace metal ions and
thus in relieving the biological machinery from their toxicity
effects are important themes of this study. Efforts have also
been made to test the reliability of the spill over hypothesis
of the action of metallothioneins (Winge et a1.,1973) and their
use as a biological barometer of heavy metal stress.
Description:
Division of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry,
School of Marine Science,Cochin University of
Science and Technology
Asha, K K; Dr. Devadasan, K(Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, 2010)
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Abstract:
Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) is a dramatic and challenging syndrome in clinical medicine. Although an uncommon disorder, it is usually fatal and occurs in previously healthy person. While the causes of FHF remain unclear, viral hepatitis and drug-induced liver injury account for the majority of cases. Hepatitis E causes large-scale epidemics of hepatitis in the Indian subcontinent, involving hundreds of thousands of cases with high mortality. FHF is associated with several clinical features like jaundice, shrunken liver, easy bruising, low levels of serum proteins, fatigue, multi-organ failure etc and metabolic derangements like hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyponatremia, defective protein synthesis, reduced energy production, decreased rate of urea production etc. These disturbances are predominantly attributed to oxidative stress, membrane destabilization and osmolytic imbalances. The options available for these patients are quite minimal with liver transplantation being one of them. But the procedure is ridden with issues causing it to find less favor among the patients and the caregivers. Use of hepatoprotective and cytoprotective drugs, is being considered to be a more acceptable alternative as a strategy to enhance liver regeneration. In this regard use of taurine a naturally occurring amino acid that plays a crucial role in many physiological processes would prove to be effective. In the present study, hepatoprotective effect of taurine on a rat model of induced FHF was studied. Taurine supplementation has effectively counteracted the metabolic and structural aberrations in the liver caused by D-galactosamine intoxication.
Shiny, K S; Dr. Anandan, R(Cochin University of Science and Technology, February , 2007)
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Abstract:
The present study indicate that prior administration of
taurine is effective in minimizing all the deleterious effects induced by isoproterenol,
thereby justifying its use as a potent cytoprotective agent. The overall cardioprotective
effect of taurine is probably related to its antioxidant property evidenced by its ability to
reduce lipid peroxidation and to maintain the activities of free radical enzymes and nonenzymatic
antioxidants, its membrane stabilizing action and to its hypolipidemic property.
Description:
Dept.of Marine Biology,Microbiology and Biochemistry,Cochin University of Science and Technology
Imelda, Joseph; Dr.Chandrika, V(Cochin University of Science and Technology, 2000)
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Abstract:
The purpose of this study is to determine the ability of specifically adapted bacteria to degrade phenol and to quantify the rate of biodegradation at. Different concentrations by mixed as well as individual isolates. Regular quantitative analysis of phenolics and aerobic phenololytic heterotrophs from five different ecosystems were done during 1990-1991, and the ability of microorganisms isolated from those areas, to utilize phenol, o-cresol and orcinol was also studied. In addition, data on environmental parameters like temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, pH, organic carbon and nutrients were also collected during the period of study The present study is one of its first kind in natural aquatic environment and has aimed to bring out some idea about the potential phenol biodegrades in such environments where the phenol concentration is beyond permitted level.
Prasad, G; Dr.Alagaraja, K(Cochin University of Science and Technology, January , 1995)
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Abstract:
Penaeid shrimps are, perhaps, the most important fishery resource
of the coastal waters of our country. Their exceptionally tasty.
protein-rich flesh tops any seafood in foreign exchange earnings. No
wonder, the demand of shrimp, the "Pinkish Gold of the Sea" (MPEDA.
1992). is increasing in the world market. The study of the growth of an organism is important in understanding the conditions under which optimum growth occurs. It is also important in getting an insight into the various factors that influence growth. Studies on the growth pattern of commercially important species of shrimp and of the factors that influence their growth rate are essential for the successful cultivation of shrimps.
Rejo,Mon George; K K C Nair(NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY, November , 2005)
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Abstract:
The present study has been initiated to unravel the distribution of trace metals and its geochemical behavior in the Indian EEZ of the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. Trace metal accumulation in aquatic consumers is of interest to ecologists and environmentalists so as to understand the fate and effect of contaminants in the food web dynamics and the biogeochemical cycling of trace metals. It is well established that oceanic distribution of macronutrients such as nitrate, phosphate and silicate provide critical to biological growth and related geochemical processes. In this study it can be inferred, that there is a need for a better understanding of background informations on trace metal concentrations with respect to space and time and their fluctuations in the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal zooplankton. Without a sound knowledge on spatio-temporal fluctuations, it will be impossible to differentiate anthropogenic metal inputs from natural background concentrations with a routine biomonitoring programme. Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd & Pb showed a slight enrichment in zooplankton from the Arabian Sea during spring intermonsoon compared to intermonsoon fall. The relative enrichment of Fe, Cu & Zn in zooplankton from the Arabian Sea during intermonsoon spring than intermonsoon fall was due to favourable bioaccumulation factors of these elements during this season. Nevertheless this study can be looked upon as a starting point for further investigations on these biogeochemically important processes, which are vital in addressing the dynamics of productivity of waters.