Suryakumari, S; Dr. Muraleedharan Nair, S(Cochin University of Science and Technology, August , 2009)
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Abstract:
The present study which is the first of its kind in this region is an
attempt to generate adequate information on the relative abundances, the
seasonal and spatial variations as well as on the source and fate of organic
compounds found associated with the dissolved, particulate and
sedimentary compartments of Chalakudy river system. The study aimed at
investigating variations, the relative proportion of dissolved, particulate and
sedimentary fractions of these materials as well as the pollution extent so as
to be able to comment on the present condition of this river-estuarine
system. This thesis focuses attention on the role of biogeoorganics in modifying the ecological and environmental condition of the dissolved,
particuIate and sediment compartments with their minute variability
subjected to various physical, chemical and biogeochemical processes. A
scheme of study encompassing all these objectives provides the frame work
for the present investigation.
Description:
Department of Chemical
Oceanography,Cochin University of Science
and Technology
Madhu,N V; Gopalakrishnan,T C(Cochin University of Science and Technology, September , 2004)
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Abstract:
The thesis describes the importance of Indian EEZ, definition and the various factors affecting primary production, general account of phytoplankton and its importance in marine ecosystem etc. In review of literature, general oceanography of Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal and hydrography of eastern Arabian Sea and western Bay of Bengal. It deals with the distribution patterns of primary production, chlorophyll a, phytoplankton composition and particulate organic carbon in the eastern Arabian Sea and western Bay of Bengal during different seasons. Factors that affect primary productivity are irradiance, temperature, stability of the surface waters, nutrients and zooplankton grazing. The differential biological response of eastern Arabian Sea and western Bay of Bengal to monsoonal regimes. A precise estimation on the primary production of the entire EEZ of India on a regional basis and on a seasonal scale would be the only way to achieve any kind of predictive assessment on the fish stock and their sustainable yield. This study mainly envisages the qualitative and quantitative aspects on the magnitude of phytoplankton standing crop and production of organic carbon and their relationship to environmental characteristics during summer monsoon, Inter monsoon and winter monsoon periods in the east and west coasts of the Indian EEZ.This study revealed that the seasonality exerts a great impact on the biological production in the eastern Arabian Sea and western Bay of Bengal. High biological production may be the reason why most of the fish landings are Concentrated in the west coast of India than east coast. The present data on Phytoplankton production rate and the species composition will provide a meaningful ground for evaluations of exploitable renewable resources of the IndianEEZ
Sabin, T P; Dr. Babu, C A(Cochin University of Science and Technology, June , 2011)
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Abstract:
The SST convection relation over tropical ocean and its impact on the South Asian monsoon
is the first part of this thesis. Understanding the complicated relation between SST
and convection is important for better prediction of the variability of the Indian monsoon
in subseasonal, seasonal, interannual, and longer time scales. Improved global
data sets from satellite scatterometer observations of SST, precipitation and refined reanalysis
of global wind fields have made it possible to do a comprehensive study of
the SST convection relation. Interaction of the monsoon and Indian ocean has been
discussed. A coupled feedback process between SST and the Active-Break cycle of the
Asian summer monsoon is a central theme of the thesis. The relation between SST and
convection is very important in the field of numerical modeling of tropical rainfall. It is
well known that models generally do very well simulating rainfall in areas of tropical
convergence zones but are found unable to do satisfactory simulation in the monsoon
areas. Thus in this study we critically examined the different mechanisms of generation
of deep convection over these two distinct regions.The study reported in chapter 3 has shown that SST - convection relation over the
warm pool regions of Indian and west Pacific oceans (monsoon areas) is in such a way
that convection increases with SST in the SST range 26-29 C and for SST higher than
29-30 C convection decreases with increase of SST (it is called Waliser type). It is found that convection is induced in areas with SST gradients in the warm pool areas of
Indian and west Pacific oceans. Once deep convection is initiated in the south of the
warmest region of warm pool, the deep tropospheric heating by the latent heat released
in the convective clouds produces strong low level wind fields (Low level Jet - LLJ)
on the equatorward side of the warm pool and both the convection and wind are found
to grow through a positive feedback process. Thus SST through its gradient acts only
as an initiator of convection. The central region of the warm pool has very small SST
gradients and large values of convection are associated with the cyclonic vorticity of the
LLJ in the atmospheric boundary layer. The conditionally unstable atmosphere in the
tropics is favorable for the production of deep convective clouds.
Description:
Department
of Atmospheric Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology
Janat Augustine, K; Dr.Chandramohanakumar, N(Cochin University of Science & Technology, September , 2002)
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Abstract:
Humic substances are complex polymeric structures.No other polymers with such a wide range of properties are so widely distributed in nature.But still their moleculer structures are unknown. A structural knowledge is essential in determining their reactivity with metals.In the present work structural elucidation of humic acids from three different mangrove ecosystems of Cochin area is done with the available data from functional group analysis and various spectroscopic methods.13C NMR spectra of the solid samples with CPMAS,IR and SEM are very promising in revealing the complex structures of these polymeric substances.Sorptional studies on the sediment and humic acid of mangrove ecosystem reveals that the major portion of the organic matter is not extractable with Sodium hydroxide and humic acid only a small portion of the total organic matter. Humic acid is a good complexing agent and scavenger. Due to the nonextractable nature of the organic matter present with the sediment left after alkali extraction it is a better scavenger.
Description:
Department of Chemical Oceanography,Cochin University of Science and Technology
Nimmi,R Nair; Basil,Mathew; Mohankumar,K(Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory, January , 2004)
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Abstract:
The objective of the present study is to understand the spatial and temporal variability of sea surface temperature(SST), precipitable water, zonal and meridional components of wind stress over the tropical Indian Ocean to understand the different scales of variability of these features of Indian Ocean. Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) and wavelet analysis techniques are utilized to understand the standing oscillations and multi scale oscillations respectively. The study has been carried out over Indian Ocean and South Indian Ocean. For the present study, NCEP/NCAR(National Center for Environmental Prediction National Center for Atmospheric Research) reanalyzed daily fields of sea surface temperature, zonal and meridional surface wind components and precipitable water amount during 1960-1998 are used. The principle of EOF analysis and
the methodology used for the analysis of spatial and temporal variance modes.
Martin Xavier,K A; Ramachandran,K G(Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, 2006)
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Abstract:
The study entitled standardization of optimum conditions for the production of glucosamine hydrochloride from chitin. Shellfish processing industries around the world turn out a significant quantity of head and shell as industrial waste. The waste must be removed immediately to prevent the contamination to the processing environment. The technique that are available for their disposal include ocean dumping, incineration or disposal of landfill sites. In this thesis the techniques and methods are used to process glucosamine hydrochloride from crustacean processing waste. Chitin is a nitrogenous polysaccharide, which is white, hard, inelastic, found in outer skeleton of insects, crabs, shrimp and lobsters and in the internal structures of other invertebrates. Glucosamine can be considered as a nutraceutical product by virtue of its properties. It is important for healthy skin, and plays a major role in the healing of surgical incisions and skin wounds. Deproteinisation of shrimp shell had significant effect on quality of chitin. Demineralization is also influences chitin quality. Solvents used for glucosamine hydrochloride affects the final yield and purity.
Sreenath, P G; Dr.Ravishankar, C N(Cochin University of Science & Technology, January , 2007)
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Abstract:
In the present work, Indigenous polymer coated Tin Free Steel cans were analyzed fortheir suitability for thermal processing and storage of fish and fish products following standard methods. The raw materials used for the development of ready to eat thermally processed fish products were found to be of fresh condition. The values for various biochemical and microbiological parameters of the raw materials were well within the limits. Based on the analysis of commercial sterility, instrumental colour, texture, WB-shear force and sensory parameters, squid masala processed to F0 value of 8 min with a total process time of 38.5 min and cook value of 92 min was chosen as the optimum for squid masala in tin free steel cans while shrimp curry processed to F0 7 min with total process time of 44.0 min and cook value of 91.1 min was found to be ideal and was selected for storage study. Squid masala and shrimp curry thermally processed in indigenous polymer coated TFS cans were found to be acceptable even after one year of storage at room temperaturebased on the analysis of various sensory and biochemical parameters. Analysis of the Commission Internationale d’ Eclirage L*, a* and b* color values showed that the duration of exposure to heat treatment influenced the color parameters: the lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*)decreased, and the redness (a*) significantly increased with the increase in processing time or reduction in processing temperature.Instrumental analysis of texture showed that hardness-1 & 2 decreased with reduction in retort temperature while cohesiveness value did not show any appreciable change with decrease in temperature of processing. Other texture profile parameters like gumminess, springiness and chewiness decreased significantly with increase of processing time. W-B shear force values of mackerel meat processed at 130 °C were significantly higher than those processed at 121.1 and 115 °C. HTST processing of mackerel in brine helped in reducing the process time and improving the quality.The study also indicated that indigenous polymer coated TFS cans with easy openends can be a viable alternative to the conventional tin and aluminium cans. The industry can utilize these cans for processing ready to eat fish and shell fish products for both domestic and export markets. This will help in reviving the canning industry in India.
Description:
Faculty of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology