Johny T, Varghese; Dr.Madhusoodana,Kurup B(Cochin University of Science and Technology, April , 2007)
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Abstract:
Controlling the inorganic nitrogen by manipulating carbon /
nitrogen ratio is a method gaining importance in aquaculture
systems. Nitrogen control is induced by feeding bacteria with
carbohydrates and through the subsequent uptake of nitrogen from
the water for the synthesis of microbial proteins. The relationship
between addition of carbohydrates, reduction of ammonium and the
production of microbial protein depends on the microbial conversion
coefficient. The carbon / nitrogen ratio in the microbial biomass is
related to the carbon contents of the added material. The addition of
carbonaceous substrate was found to reduce inorganic nitrogen in
shrimp culture ponds and the resultant microbial proteins are taken
up by shrimps. Thus, part of the feed protein is replaced and feeding
costs are reduced in culture systems.The use of various locally available substrates for periphyton
based aquaculture practices increases production and profitability .However, these techniques for extensive shrimp farming have not so far been
evaluated. Moreover, an evaluation of artificial substrates together
with carbohydrate source based farming system in reducing inorganic
nitrogen production in culture systems has not yet been carried-out.
Furthermore, variations in water and soil quality, periphyton
production and shrimp production of the whole system have also not
been determined so-far.This thesis starts with a general introduction ,
a brief review of the most relevant literature, results of various
experiments and concludes with a summary (Chapter — 9). The
chapters are organised conforming to the objectives of the present
study. The major objectives of this thesis are, to improve the
sustainability of shrimp farming by carbohydrate addition and
periphyton substrate based shrimp production and to improve the
nutrient utilisation in aquaculture systems.
Description:
School of
Industrial Fisheries, Cochin University of Science and Technology
Nisha, P C; Dr. George, K C(Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, October , 2006)
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Abstract:
The present investigation revealed three types of circulating haemocytes
in the haemolymph of F. indicus: hyalinocytes, small-granule haemocytes, and
large-granule haemocytes. Intermediate stages indicate the maturing process of a
single cell. The presence of enzymes such as peroxidase, phenoloxidase and acid
phosphatase in the haemocytes, and the substantial production of oxygen radicals
during phagocytosis show that the haemocytes are capable of mounting a fme
cellular defense mechanism. The enzyme activities of the serum and the presence
of agglutinins in the serum, which may act as opsonins, agglutinate foreign
particles and augment phagocytosis, confirm the presence of a superior humoral
immune system in F. indicus.Bacterial infection caused considerable variations in the cellular and
humoral factors, such as the number of circulating cells and haemagglutinating
activity, especially in the initial hours of infection. The total haemocyte count,
haemagglutination titer and phenoloxidase enzyme showed significant reductions
on bacterial presence and could be used as indicators of bacterial infection.The number of circulating cells showed drastic fluctuation on exposure to
pollutants. Nuvan at low concentrations was able to produce changes in the
haemolymph factors and in the tissue organization, which implies that the animal
is under stress and is easily prone to infections. Exposure to nuvan resulted in
significant variation in all of the cellular and humoral factors, especially, the total
haemocyte count, percentage of small granule haemocytes, phagocytic activity
and the haemagglutinating activity, which might be good indicators of pesticide
pollution. Heavy metal exposure caused significant increase in total haemocyte
count and reduction in phenoloxidase enzyme activity Even changes in the
physio-chemical parameters, such as salinity caused fluctuations in the defense
factors, indicating stress in this euryhaline species. The dietary incorporation of a
commercial immunostimulant containing P-l,3 glucan resulted in stimulation of
some of the humoral defense factors of F indicus, but was time dependent. The
modulations, on exposure to various external factors, in the cellular and humoral
factors, especially, total haemocyte count, phagocytic activity, haemagglutinating
activity and the phenoloxidase and acid phosphatase enzymes suggest that these
parameters could be used as indicators of the health status of F indicus, which
assist in better monitoring and effective health management of this important
cultured species.
Zeena, Ravi P; Dr.Chandramohanakumar, N(Cochin University of Science & Technology, May , 2005)
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Abstract:
Mangrove swamps are unique inter-tidal wetland ecosystems found in sheltered tropical and subtropical shores.Mangrove sediments can be considered as large reservoirs of amino acids,which exist in several different forms,like free amino acids in the sediment micropores,as amino acids,peptides or proteins bound to clay minerals or as amino acids,peptides or proteins bound to humic colloids.Inorder to assess survival conditions of organisms of mangroves,it is important to understand stability of amino acids in the sediments.The amounts of amino acids present in sediment represent a balance between its synthesis and destruction by microorganisms.Thus amino acid analysis offers more insight into the processes of diagenesis,which changes the nature and characteristics of organic matter deposition and decomposition.
Description:
Department of Chemical
Oceanography Cochin University of Science
and Technology
Abhilash P. Kailas; Dr. S. Muraleedharan Nair(Cochin University of Science and Technology, October 5, 2015)
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Abstract:
Sea is a huge source to meet our daily needs, lifff(rrsccaaaeyohdpnnmmmimlruCeeeaorcxnefkuuouiaosaae nedparihtnatvesmtrpdmerrdnosi cwrlurlstdo -ofaieasopautiktlaeotnc intcyie,rcensruact irnshtoreitotee nnioipiaeetsnmma oeins oSsdiipdoonu soienadh hnoaae nno ein hctlshlacscnalersadiy i, udif ,y t sec aag bae wo sosc fr eoc a ntsralnoi alfador,oeahtefxneeofl nuc otu h nu imnatofe ratata ncisted rn teoieesdvdxrnnhescceexptsp gmn )ieis oadhitratmtnit dapo imoo i soheiwurc a s- toaaorhpstiie aieaidsr,nrneaedttiod ldenahi s. nctyiitdsl nictsseueavev sSera em d,h,e cdu sbsaeer depsraowe nde ,,cpscn m eaa n hrnfx uiesia tvoitsb memdoytprveatoati ft aisrvfrohceertfr dettogcenitt eo oi euafarsn sgepua srre nwctsamucrmaneoeeuurnworaieostnael aelaut anrtcstptai.iavmula,di sdenetzt et,a rcpn aeHbioetr ren s cttapniwrsibiyredl(nhhar,ciutnele eott Pd yssi naae.aos tgntbfspac uo,h shaalloi tt te eitlisr Tm,nu(eietaa teo s v x-o atvhutotrhdrreb, hqedtdhepy hdloa,fcsevetoesl gguynio uioehueeerlrea rv bpaaepsarti er b acprcepiaiei,chtmanoet rt ttoiilaerovt ahiscyd,tri tft os inktannao oi1nm iitieoccsiirttmdftre,etogcv t0etn.u aino ie pnye seohtmi e aom0oraosad hes lsspa cebnr.nm0end awsae a iiasem)hi vxyn0,ot.iliwPo p o neeingeireb s fTet-chhncaf ttbri el sh,ei tnh chy hbyyonbsaaepivmae .eoa eeeeitlbll,lfdmabern ooos eotltmlayaaiealsccoo,e r ncbtc uw iranuo)dim.aoisgnhlwahp iesn eciysf ot,aeitprOete hes amsecsdh( hfeerdemrh.m.sRiy lfad a i ees dgaosi caeycclag vh T ii illhtasfcTthcuflorccsyloeh aoiol horsot tae shn,csa r.rai erhdrtoa menea,lyxnlesdeh ayrs sao r dcctadi gN e epigep,m etrtapat nn a uy,a reraie oywcrd rahb vireai enepmseacwoanuspnvyyeirepso ntcocrerttassepc c iieeaedohefoaeab me-tnc rie l ndsuhnmaemng i wioi,scgaos tclcaeltnteoeesomaiga eeluaic eieytn, yci ivucnnspi) a.atet.dtfsf,ops g a,is iodgawltbf d hsou,oIenosrwoee a grgino sensoc entoauddrgmeforf h lieureaw o as minaeo nntatb itd t lnuohrhecndieaaratttotoaicssdhndphooyeeaecsssssrffl
Geetha, Andrews; Dr.Jacob, Chacko(Cochin University Of Science And Technology, July , 2010)
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Abstract:
Mangroves are considered to play a significant role in global carbon cycling.
Themangrove forests would fix CO2 by photosynthesis into mangrove lumber and
thus decrease the possibility of a catastrophic series of events - global warming by
atmospheric CO2, melting of the polar ice caps, and inundation of the great coastal
cities of the world. The leaf litter and roots are the main contributors to mangrove
sediments, though algal production and allochthonous detritus can also be trapped
(Kristensen et al, 2008) by mangroves due to their high organic matter content and
reducing nature are excellent metal retainers. Environmental pollution due to metals
is of major concern. This is due to the basic fact that metals are not biodegradable
or perishable the way most organic pollutants are. While most organic toxicants can
be destroyed by combustion and converted into compounds such as C0, C02, SOX,
NOX, metals can't be destroyed. At the most the valance and physical form of
metals may change. Concentration of metals present naturally in air, water and soil
is very low. Metals released into the environment through anthropogenic activities
such as burning of fossils fuels, discharge of industrial effluents, mining, dumping of
sewage etc leads to the development of higher than tolerable or toxic levels of
metals in the environment leading to metal pollution. Of course, a large number of
heavy metals such as Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Zn, Co, Cr, Mo, and V are essential to plants
and animals and deficiency of these metals may lead to diseases, but at higher
levels, it would lead to metal toxicity. Almost all industrial processes and urban
activities involve release of at least trace quantities of half a dozen metals in
different forms. Heavy metal pollution in the environment can remain dormant for a
long time and surface with a vengeance. Once an area gets toxified with metals, it
is almost impossible to detoxify it. The symptoms of metal toxicity are often quite
similar to the symptoms of other common diseases such as respiratory problems,
digestive disorders, skin diseases, hypertension, diabetes, jaundice etc making it
all the more difficult to diagnose metal poisoning. For example the Minamata
disease caused by mercury pollution in addition to affecting the nervous system can
disturb liver function and cause diabetes and hypertension. The damage caused by
heavy metals does not end up with the affected person. The harmful effects can be
transferred to the person's progenies. Ironically heavy metal pollution is a direct
offshoot of our increasing ability to mass produce metals and use them in all
spheres of existence. Along with conventional physico- chemical methods, biosystem approachment is also being constantly used for combating metal pollution
Description:
School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science
and Technology
Balachandran, K K; Sankaranarayanan, V N(National Institute of Oceanography, 2001)
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Abstract:
The present study is an attempt to understand some of the chemical oceanographic processes of the coastal water and the backwaters of Cochin. The importance of this study lies in the fact that there has been an increasing concern on the environmental degradation of Cochin backwaters with respect to water and sediments due to various anthropogenic activities. The study comprises the results and discussion of the hydro chemical parameters of coastal waters of Cochin during different seasons with statistical analysis. The parameters dealt with are salinity, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrite-N, nitrate-N, ammonia-N, Silicate-Si, phosphate-P, chlorophyll ‘a’ and suspended solids, dissolved trace metals and sediment characteristics including sediment metals
Renjith, K R; Dr.Chandramohanakumar, N(Cochin University of Science and Technology, December , 2006)
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Abstract:
The amplified human role in shaping natural processes makes it imperative to understand the interactions between abiotic and biotic processes, whcih pertain particularly to the most dyanamic aboitic factor,water. The assessment of environmental parameters is indispensable for the sustainable management of the aqutic system .The conscious harnessing and pampering to protect the characteristics of the ecosystems is the of the day.This thesis attempts to characterize the chemical dynamacity of a tropical estury in relation to the bio, geo and physical processes and thereby to propose a management scheme for its sustainability. Micro speciation is used as a tool for this.
Narendran Nair,R; Dr.Sharma,G S(Cochin University of Science And Technology, February , 1983)
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Abstract:
The present thesis is an attempt by the researcher to Investigate the surface circulation of the Indian Ocean, north of 2095 in relation to the atmospheric circulation over the ocean. The aim is achieved by working out the circu1ation pattern and correlating it with the computed
wind stress and its vorticity. The month wise surface circulation is arrived by drawing the streamlines, using freshand method with superimposed isotache. The zonal ad meridional componance of the wind stress and the curl of the wind stress are computed for each month over 2° latitude longitude quadrangle from the bulk aerodynamic formula, using a computer program. The data for drawing the surface circu1ation and for computing the wind stress and its curl have come from the Dutch Atlas.
Description:
School of marine sciences, Cochin University of Science And Technology