Aniladevi Kunjamma, K P; Dr. Babu, Philip(Cochin University of Science and Technology, April , 2008)
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Abstract:
Man uses a variety of synthetic material for his comfortable materialistic
life. Thus human interactions may become harmful for various terrestrial and aquatic
lives. This is by contaminating their habitat and by becoming a threat to organisms
itself. Thus the application and dispersal of several organic pollutants can lead to the
development of several mutated forms of the species when exposed to sublethal
concentrations of the pollutants. Otherwise, a decrease in number or extinction of
these exposed species from earth's face may happen. Pesticides, we use for the
benefit of crop yield, but its persistence may become havoc to non-target organism.
Pesticides reaching a reservoir can subsequently enter the higher trophic levels.
Organophosphorus compounds have replaced all other pesticides, due to its acute
toxicity and non-persistent nature.Hence the present study has concentrated on the toxicity of the largest
market-selling and multipurpose pesticide, chlorpyrifos on the commonly edible
aquatic organism, fish. The euryhaline cichlid Oreochromis mossambicus was
selected as animal model. The study has concentrated on investigating biochemical
parameters like tissue-specific enzymes, antioxidant and lipid-peroxidation
parameters, haematological and histological observations and pesticide residue
analysis.Major findings of this work have indicated the possibility of aquatic toxicity
to the fish on exposure to the insecticide chlorpyrifos. The insecticide was found as
effective to induce structural alteration, depletion in protein content, decrease in
different metabolic enzyme levels and to progress lipid peroxidation on a prolonged
exposure of 21 days. The ion-transport mechanism was found to be adversely
affected. Electrophoretic analysis revealed the disappearance of several protein bands
after 21days of exposure to chlorpyrifos. Residue, analysis by gas chromatography
explored the levels of chlorpyrifos retaining on the edible tissue portions during
exposure period of 21days and also on a recovery period of 10 days.
Description:
Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Cochin
University of Science and Technology.
Abdul Khader, K M; Dr.Mohandas, A(Cochin University of Science & Technology, 1999)
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Abstract:
Instead of developing easily degradable, and low-priced insecticides, we are
going after highly sophisticated chemicals. Here, an attempt is being made to develop
safer formulations of insecticides of botanical origin.
Different parts of the plants were chosen based on their use in countryside and
villages The dried plant materials were extracted with petroleum ether, and were
applied on Tribolium castaneum. The results were statistically analysed.
The active principles from Croton tigilium and Leea sambucina, the most
potential plants, were isolated using Column Chromatography, TLC, and Hydrolysis.
The isolated principles were analysed spectroscopically ( UV-Vis., IR, NMR,
and MS ) to identify their chemical nature. The active principles from Leea and
Croton were identified as a cholisterate derivative and a phorbol derivative
respectively.
In order to ascertain the environmental combatibility of the principles,
degradation by soil bacteria was studied.
The isolated principles were made into three type of formulations using
stabilizers .The formulations were applied on Snake gourd semilooper, Pulse beetle,
and mosquito larvae. Also the biocidal activity of the formulations was studied.
Both Leea derivative and Croton derivative could be formulated effectively
and were effective against a variety of pests. They are eco-friendly, as there is no
artificial chemicals involved.
Description:
School of Environmental Studies,
Cochin University of Science And Technology
Reju, M K; Dr.Mohandas, A(Cochin University of Science & Technology, 1990)
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Abstract:
The present study is an attempt to understand the physiological responses of a freshwater gastropod, in terms of haematological parameters, in normal conditions as well as in various natural and man made altered conditions of the environment.Pila virens, a freshwater prosobranch,commonly found in paddy fields, ponds, and streams of Kerala is selected as the test animal for the present investigation. Various haemolymph constituents such as total carbohydrate, glycogen, total protein, total lipid, urea,ammonia,sodium,potasium, calcium, and chloride which are directly involved in the control and maintenance of different physiological systems, were analysed in the present study. Selected haematological parameters like total haemocyte number, and packed cell volume were also determined. Besides , the activity pattern of selected haemolymph enzymes such as acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP),Glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), all having diagnostic value in terms of internal defence system and metabolism of the organism, were also studied.
Description:
School of Environmental Studies,Cochin University of Science and Technology
Rajesh, K M; Dr.Sugunan, S(Cochin University of Science and Technology, May , 2011)
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Abstract:
The present work aims to prepare visible light responsive anion doped titania via sol-gel precipitation method.The prepared catalysts were characterized by various techniques.The photocatalytic abilities of the prepared catalysts were measured by the degradation of dyes,pesticides,hydrogen production through water splitting reaction and antibacterial study.We also compared the activities of prepared catalysts with pure titania prepared in the laboratory and one of the commercial anatase titania samples.
Description:
Dept.of Applied Chemistry,Cochin University of Science and Technology
Gopalakrishnan, K S; Dr.Kuttyamma, V J(Cochin University of Science and Technology, February , 1990)
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Abstract:
The present study involved investigation of the lethal and sublethal effects of three pesticides individually. The pesticides are the commercial formulations of DDT (organochlorine).Dime—
cron (organophosphate) and Gramoxone (paraquat dichloride).Aspects like individual toxicity, modulations in the activities of some selected enzymes, consequent to exposure to sub lethal levels of pesticides, sub lethal effects onperipheral haematology and alterations caused on the tissue architecture of brain, gills and liver, have been documented. Attempts have been made to analyse the impact of pesticides, added at realistic Levels to the experimental media, on the life and activity of Etroplus maculatus
Description:
Division of Pkuflxua Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Tehnology