Dhanya., R; Dr. P. Jayamurthy(Cochin University of Science and Technology, February 22, 2016)
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Abstract:
The incidence of diabetes is rapidly increasing and by 2030 an expected 592 million individuals
are projected to be affected (WHO report). Hyperglycaemic condition is recognized as the causal
link between diabetes and its complications. The chronic hyperglycemia resulting from diabetes
brings about a rise in oxidative stress due to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as
a result of glucose auto oxidation and protein glycosylation. Generation of ROS leads to
oxidative damage of the structural components (such as lipids, DNA and proteins) of cells and
potentiate diabetes related complications. Oxidative insult in cells is also created by the
impairment in functioning of endogenous antioxidant enzymes because of their non enzymatic
glycosylation and oxidation. The prolonged exposure of oxidative stress may cause insulin
resistance by triggering an alteration in cellular redox balance. Several lines of evidence suggest
that oxidative stress occurs in diabetes and could have a role in the development of insulin
resistance. The cause and cellular mechanism responsible for this abnormality is not fully
understand despite of intense investigative efforts. However it is unknown whether it is the cause
or consequence of diabetes. Despite strong experimental evidence indicating that oxidative stress
may determine the onset and progression of late-diabetic complications, controversy exists
between the cause and associative relationship between oxidative stress and diabetes mellitus.
Disruption of glucose homeostasis is a characteristic feature of Non-insulin dependent diabetes
mellitus (NIDDM) and is associated with some complications including cardiovascular disease
and renal failure. Glucose transport, the rate limiting step in glucose metabolism, can be activated
in peripheral tissues by two distinct pathways. One stimulated by insulin through IRS-1/PI3K,
Preface
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the other by muscle contraction/exercise through the activation of AMPK. Both pathways also
increase the phosphorylation and activity of MAPK family components of which p38 MAPK
participates in the full activation of GLUT4.Insulin exerts its biological effect upon binding with the insulin receptor (IR) thereby activating
the downstream signaling that lead to enhanced glucose uptake. In skeletal muscle, it potentiates
glucose transport through PI3K mediated or non-PI3K mediated pathways. Alterations or defects
in its signal transduction pathway was found in diabetic patients associated with decreased levels
of IRb, IRS-1, and PI3K. In the insulin signaling, PI3K is a key molecule and inhibition of PI3K
completely abolish insulin stimulated uptake. Akt or Pkb is an important downstream target of
insulin stimulated glucose transport and metabolism.Impairment in fuel metabolism occurs in obesity, and this impairment is a leading pathogenic
factor in type 2 diabetes. The insulin resistance associated with type 2 diabetes is most profound
at the level of skeletal muscle as this is the primary site of glucose and fatty acid utilization.
Therefore, an understanding of how to activate AMPK in skeletal muscle would offer significant
pharmacologic benefits in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Metformin and the thiazolidinedione
drugs exert the effects via activation of AMPK. Activation of AMPK occurs in response to
exercise, an activity known to have significant benefit for type 2 diabetics. AMPK serves as
sensor of energy status whose activity is triggered in response to changes in nutritional status in
order to modulate tissue-specific metabolic pathways
Devarajan, G; Dr.Sridhar, C S(Cochin University of Science and Technology, January 30, 1987)
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Abstract:
Median filtering is a simple digital non—linear signal
smoothing operation in which median of the samples in a sliding
window replaces the sample at the middle of the window. The
resulting filtered sequence tends to follow polynomial
trends in the original sample sequence. Median filter preserves
signal edges while filtering out impulses. Due to this property,
median filtering is finding applications in many areas of image
and speech processing. Though median filtering is simple to
realise digitally, its properties are not easily analysed with
standard analysis techniques,
Description:
Department of Electronics, Cochin
University of Science and Technology
Sadasivan Nair,G; Dr.Leelakrishnan, P(Cochin University of Science and Technology, June , 1983)
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Abstract:
This is a study in criminal law. The problem probed is the relationship between mental abnormality and criminal responsibility. The subject is yet an unsolved area in criminal jurisprudence. It is of great interest to many jurists lawyers philosophers and psychiatrists. The study lays special emphasis on the Indian law .Comparative assessment wherever found necessary,especially of positions in England ,United states and Germany is made. The thesis is in six parts and sixteen chapters.
Description:
School of Legal Studies,Cochin University of Science And Technology
Jasmine, P; Dr.Saramma, Panampunnayil U(Cochin University Of Science And Technology, January 16, 2009)
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Abstract:
The Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal are both highly
dynamic ecosystems, due to the seasonally reversing monsoon winds,
but the processes affecting the mesozooplankton community remain
poorly understood. These are important basins exhibiting enhanced
biological production as a result of upwelling, winter cooling and
other episodic events such as eddies and gyres. Zooplankters are
primarily the prey for almost all fish larvae. Seasonal changes in the
biogeochemical processes can strongly affect zooplankton density
and distribution, which in turn, strongly affect the larval growth, and
consequently, the pelagic fish recruitment. It is clear that plankton
biomass and biogeochemical fluxes are not in steady state. Acoustic
data on mesozooplankton abundance suggests that they also exist in
the mesopelagic zone. Earlier studies were confined only to the upper
200 m and hence the structure of mesozooplankton community in the
deeper layers was not well known. Copepods are the dominant
mesoplankton group, and therefore the majority of the studies were
focused on them. The planktonic ostracods are the second major
crustacean group and at times, their swarms can outnumber all other
planktonic groups. The understanding of the community structure of
the ostracods is essential to establish their role in the marine food
web. Mesozooplankton is responsible for the vertical flux of organic
matter produced by phytoplankton and is assumed to be equivalent to
new production (Eppley & Peterson, 1979). Since the fate of newly
produced organic matter depends upon their consumers, the
zooplankton biomass must be estimated in size fractions or
taxonomic components to understand the vertical flux of organic
carbon. It is thus important to update our knowledge on different
groups of zooplankton on the basis of seasonal and temporal
distribution. The distribution in space and time is essential for
modeling the carbon cycling that structure the marine ecosystems
Description:
Department Of Marine Sciences,Cochin
University of Science and Technology
Rajendran, C G; Dr.Damodaran,R(Cochin University of Science & Technology, 1995)
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Abstract:
The investigation was aimed at establishing the effect of salinity on the culture performance of Peneus Indicus in pokkali fields and also to find out the growth performance of the shrimp at varying salinities. The experiments were laid out at Rice Research Station, Vyttila of Kerala Agriculture University in three fields of area 1000 m2 each. The results of the experiment clearly establish that shrimps when stocked at higher salinity (20-25 ppt) for 45 days has given higher growth, survival and production than those stocked at lower salinity (10-15 ppt) in all the above parameters even when the culture experiment was maintained for longer periods in lower salinity. In the prolonged culture experiments conducted for 120 days in 10-25 ppt salinity, the results were poorer than the short period culture in higher salinity and the production values similar to lower saline culture. This clearly establishes the importance of salinity as an ecological factor which will have profound influence in shrimp farming operations.
Description:
Division of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology
Baiju,K R; Nambiar,C G(Cochin University of Science and Technology, September , 2006)
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Abstract:
The present research is aimed at studying the charnockites and associated rocks of the Madurai Granulite Block (MGB), especially in terms of their field settings, texture, mineralogy, and mineral chemistry analyzing their petrogenesis with the help of thermobarometrical studies and geochronological constraints. The mechanism of charnockitization by the influx of CO2 rich fluids and its relation to the graphite mineralization is actually a matter of discussion and study. The objectives of the present study are, to delineate petrological and structural relationship of charnockites and associated gneissic rocks, to study the field and petrogenetic aspects of graphite mineralization in the MGB, to establish and re-evaluate the P-T conditions of formation of the rocks with the aid of thermbarometric computations and to compare with the earlier studies, characterization of graphite with XRD, Raman spectroscopy and isotope studies together with a search in to its genesis and its relation to the high-grade metamorphism of the terrain, to evaluate the role of CO2 bearing fluids in the processes of charnockitization as well as in the genesis of graphite within the high-grade terrain and to delineate the metamorphic geochronology of selected rocks using ‘monazite dating’ technique with EPMA.
Krishna, C; Dr.Chandrasekaran,M(Cochin University of Science and Technology, August , 1995)
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Abstract:
A critical survey of the fruits and vegetable
markets of the towns and cities in South India reveals that
banana fruit stalk wastes share a dominant proportion among
the solid wastes generated. In the light of the review of
literature presented in the foregoing section, few reports are
available on the utilisation of banana waste for the
production of alcoholic beverages, biogas, and single cell
protein. However, it is not yet tried for the production of
industrial enzymes. Moreover, preliminary fermentation
studies conducted under uncontrolled conditions revealed that
banana fruit stalk could be aptly utilised as solid substrate?
for the industrial production of microbial amylases and
cellulases at a cheaper cost. Therefore, it was proposed to conduct a detailed study towards the development of a suitable fermentation process for the production of industrial enzymes using banana fruit stalk wastes, which is rich in carbohydrate, as solid substrate, employing bacteria, under SSF.
Description:
Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of
Science & Technology,
Krishnamurthy,V; Dr.Samuel, C T(Cochin University of Science and Technology, July , 1985)
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Abstract:
The thesis deals with the bacterial flora of the Cochin backwaters. Sediment and the prawns
caught from these backwaters in quantitative and qualitative terms, their growth in relation to temperature, their susceptibility to various antibiotics, their role in terms of food for juvenile prawns and the presence of bacteria of public health significance. According to the researcher such a comprehensive study would be of some relevance to shell-fish processing industries apart from its academic value. The effect of antibiotics on the bacteria and the utility of bacteria as food for the juvenile prawns are studied and presented in different chapters.
Description:
School of Marine Science, Department of Industrial fisheries, Cochin University of Science and Technology
Rathna Kala, R; Dr.Chandrika, V(Cochin University of Science and Technology, 2000)
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Abstract:
The present study on "Microbial production of antibiotics from mangrove ecosystem” was carried out for a period of one year in four selected Stations, Mangalavana, Narakkal, Puthuvyppu and light house area of Puthuvyppu (9°55' — 10°10'N and 76°10‘ - 76°20'E) from January to December 1991. Though much emphasis has been given to occurrence and distribution of actinomycetes, an attempt was also made to understand the distribution patterns of other micro flora in the sediments. Data on physico-chemical parameters were also collected to find out their relationship if any with the microflora. The principle interest of the present investigation is to determineseasonal variations of antagonistic actinomycetes in selected mangrove ecosystem. The microbial interrelationship in mangrove sediments was found out by constructing the ratio between bacteria and actinomycetes, bacteria and fungi, fungi and actinomycetes. In addition temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen and organic carbon were determined seasonally and their possible relationship was statistically analyzed and the results are presented. Isolated actinomycetes were subjected to cross streak assay to know their nature of antibiotic activity against test fish pathogens and crude antibiotics were extracted from selected isolates and their inhibitory activity is studied and the results are discussed.