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| Abstract: | The most common and conventional method for removing turbidity from water is by coagulating with alum or iron salts, and settling the precipitate in suitably designed clarifiers followed by filtration. But the sludge produced is bulky, difficult to dewater and accumulates in the dumping grounds causing environmental problems. Synthetic polymers such as polyacrylamide and polyethyleneoxide have been investigated for their ability to remove turbidity. They overcome many of the disadvantages of conventional methods, but are cost—effective only when rapid flocculation and reduction in sludge volume are demanded. Considering the aforementioned situation, it was felt that more easily available and eco-friendly materials must be developed for removing turbidity from water. The results of our studies in this direction are presented in this thesis. The thesis comprises of nine chapters, with a common bibliography at the end. Chapter 1 gives an introduction to the nature of turbidity and colour usually present in water. Chapter 2 discusses the nature and availability of the principal material used in these studies, namely chitosan. Chapters 3 to 8, which deal with the actual experimental work, are further subdivided into (a) introduction, (b) materials and methods, (c) results and discussion and (d) conclusions. Chapter 9 summarises the entire work so as to put the results and conclusions into proper perspective. |
| Description: | School of Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology, |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/3404 |
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| Dyuthi-T1381.pdf | (6.212Mb) |
| Abstract: | This thesis Entitled Colour removal from dye house effluents using zero valent iron and fenton oxidation.Findings reported on kinetic profile during oxidation of dyes with Fenton’s reagent are in good agreement with observations of earlier workers on other organic substrates. This work goes a step further. Critical concentration of the dye at which the reaction mechanism undergoes transition has been identified.The oxidation of Reactive Yellow showed that the initial rates for decolorization increased linearly with an increase in hydrogen peroxide concentration over the range studied. Fenton oxidation of all dyes except Methylene Blue showed that the initial rates increased linearly with an in the ferrous sulphate concentration. This increase was observed only up to an optimum concentration beyond which further increase resulted in a decrease in the initial rates. Variation of initial rates with Ferrous sulphate concentration resulted in a linear plot passing through the origin indicating that the reaction is first order with respect to ferrous sulphate. |
| Description: | School of Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/3149 |
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| Dyuthi-T1123.pdf | (11.54Mb) |
| Abstract: | The primary aim of these investigations was to probe the elecnuchemical and material science aspects of some selected metal phthalocyanines(MPcs).Metal phthalocyanines are characterised by a unique planar molecular structure. As a single class of compounds they have been the subject of ever increasing number of physicochemical and technological investigations. During the last two decades the literature on these compounds was flooded by an outpour of original publications and patents. Almost every branch of materials science has benefited by their application-swface coating, printing, electrophotography, photoelectrochemistry, electronics and medicine to name a few.The present study was confined to the electrical and electrochemical properties of cobalt, nickel, zinc. iron and copper phthalocyanines. The use of soluble Pes as corrosion inhibitor for aluminium was also investigated.In the introductory section of the thesis, the work done so far on MPcs is reviewed. In this review emphasis is given to their general methods of synthesis and the physicochemical properties.In phthalocyanine chemistry one of the formidable tasks is the isolation of singular species. In the second chapter the methods of synthesis and purification are presented with necessary experimental details.The studies on plasma modified films of CoPe, FePc, ZnPc. NiPc and CuPc are also presented.Modification of electron transfer process by such films for reversible redox systems is taken as the criterion to establish enhanced electrocatalytic activity.Metal phthalocyanines are p- type semiconductors and the conductivity is enhanced by doping with iodine. The effect of doping on the activation energy of the conduction process is evaluated by measuring the temperature dependent variation of conductivity. Effect of thennal treatment on iodine doped CoPc is investigated by DSC,magnetic susceptibility, IR, ESR and electronic spectra. The elecnucatalytic activity of such doped materials was probed by cyclic voltammetry.The electron transfer mediation characteristics of MPc films depend on the film thickness. The influence of reducing the effective thickness of the MPc film by dispersing it into a conductive polymeric matrix was investigated. Tetrasulphonated cobalt phthalocyanine (CoTSP) was electrostatically immobilised into polyaniline and poly(o-toluidine) under varied conditions.The studies on corrosion inhibition of aluminium by CoTSP and CuTSP and By virtue of their anionic character they are soluble in water and are strongly adsorbed on aluminium. Hence they can act as corrosion inhibitors. CoTSP is also known to catalyze the reduction of dioxygen.This reaction can accelerate the anodic dissolution of metal as a complementary reaction. The influence of these conflicting properties of CoTSP on the corrosion of aluminium was studied and compared with those of CuTSP.In the course of these investigations a number of gadgets like cell for measuring the electrical conductivity of solids under non-isothermal conditions, low power rf oscillator and a rotating disc electrode were fabricated. |
| Description: | Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/2647 |
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| Dyuthi-T0707.pdf | (6.160Mb) |
| Abstract: | Metal phthalocyanines have some unique optical properties which are exploited for dyeing fibers and films used in applicationslike dye lasing and optical information storage. Aggregation of dye molecules modifies their absorption and emission spectra with concomitant degradation in their energy transfer characteristics. MPcs as such have poor processability and are seldom used in solid matrices. The finest energy transfer characteristics are shown by the monomers of metal phthalocyanines. In the third chapter of this thesis the studies on two series of metal phthalocyanines are repoted |
| Description: | Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science And Technology |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/3618 |
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| Dyuthi-T1597.pdf | (2.258Mb) |
| Abstract: | Ion-exchange chromatography has emerged as a practical and rapid method of separation and analysis. A review of literature on chelating resins reveals that eventhough investigations on highly selective resins are intensively pursued from early 1940s, such resins are still insufficiently used in analytical chemistry and process technology. This is mainly due to the complexity of their synthesis and high cost. In this context, it is worthwhile to develop novel chelating resins which are specific or at least selective towards a group of metal ions. Synthesis, characterization and analytical applications of two such resins are presented in this thesis. |
| Description: | Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/3614 |
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| Dyuthi-T1572.pdf | (4.488Mb) |
| Abstract: | The Kerala Water Authority requested the School of Environmental Studies to carry out investigations on the mechanism of sporadic mobilization of iron and odour in the raw water drawn to the drinking water treatment plant. The currently used treatment process failed to remove iron completely. This led to problems in the filter and complaints of taste and colour due to iron in the finished water. The sporadic nature of the problem itself made the trouble shooting difficult. The problem was looked in from three points of view. 1. Influence of environmental (climatic) conditions on the dynamics of the relevant basin of the reservoir. 2. Influence of the physical dynamics on the physico — chemical quality of water. 3. Identification of cost-effective treatment processes to suit the existing plant. Since the problem emerged only during the post- monsoon to pre-monsoon months, a related problem was investigated, namely, influence of anions on the oxidation of Fe(II) in natural waters by air. This is presented in Part II of the dissertation. |
| Description: | School of Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology |
| URI: | http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/purl/3402 |
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| Dyuthi-T1379.pdf | (7.435Mb) |
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